Crashes types

As airbags gained more field experience it became apparent that the force and timing of deployments needed to be controlled for a wider range of crash types in order to avoid possible injury to passengers. This requirement increased the need to monitor the accelerometer signal for longer periods of time than previously required. 

All crashes Number of crashes per crash type Cause... 

Ryan, G. A., M. Legge and D. Rosman (1998). Age related changes in drivers crash risk and crash type. Accid. Anal. Prev., 30, 379-387. 

Figure 8-8. The relationship between risk of fatal injury and delta V for drivers in car-car collisions (Joksch, 1993) and for all vehicle occupants in all crash types (NHTSA, 2005b).

Figure 11-5. Estimated proportion of drivers killed as a function of vehicle deformation, crash type, and driver alcohol consumption. Solid bars indicate alcohol involved drivers. Type 1 accident is angle, rear-end, or other single vehicle type 2 is overturn, head-on, or hit fixed-object. Vehicle deformation is rated on a 7-point scale with 1 being the least damage and 7 being the most (From Waller et al, 1986, with permission from the American Medical Association).

Hunter, W. W., J. C. Stutts, W. E. Pein and C. L. Cox (1995). Pedestrian and bicycle crash types of the early 1990 s. Federal Highway Administration. Report FHWA-RD-95-193. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington DC. 

Preusser, D. F., A. F. Williams and R. G. Ulmer (1995). Analysis of Fatal Motorcycle Crashes Crash Typing. Anal Prev., 27(6), 845-851. 

Neyens, D. M. and L. N. Boyle (2007). The effect of distractions on the crash types of teenage drivers. Accid. Anal. Prev.y 39(1), 206-212. 

Young, inexperienced and male riders are over represented in crashes. The most frequent PTW fatal crashes are single-vehicle crashes, partly due to intrinsic difficulties of riding a PTW (e.g. necessity to keep the balance) and to the higher sensitivity of riders to external perturbations (e.g. wind or poor pavement condition). The other most frequent crash type occurs at intersections with other traffic, involving, for a large number of crashes, a problem of perception and appraisal by the driver and/or the rider. 

MI Yes Safety analysis of crash types as related to geometric element in question and operational analysis. Risk assessments are not imdertaken. 

CMF CRF (%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Roadway Type Area Type Reference... 

It is a key challenge for every traffic safety agency to establish a deep understanding of the critical factors in the road and traffic environment, vehicles and travel speeds that lead to the four most prevalent serious injury crash types. Then the challenge over time is to implement innovative and appropriate measures to take advantage of the opportunities to reduce kinetic energy exchange when crashes do occur. 

The risk of death rises rapidly with impact speed for specific crash types, as illustrated in Figure 9.3. 

Australian Government. Fatal road crashes in Australia in the 1990s and 2000s Crash types and major factors. In Bitre information sheet. Department of Infrastructure and Transport, Transport and Regional Economics. 2011. 

Wramhorg, R Fatality risk for three major crash types at different speed. In Towards zero Ambitious road safety targets and the Safe System approach, ed. OECD. 

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