CPTs

Thus the cooled reversible cycle [CHT]rci with a first rotor inlet temperature, Tj, will have an internal thermal efficiency exactly the same as that of the uncooled cycle [CHTJru with a higher turbine entry temperature 3 = Tr, and the same pressure ratio. There is no penalty on efficiency in cooling the turbine gases at entry but note that the specific work output, w = (wj — wc)/CpT = [(0 /x) — 11(j — 1), is reduced, since 0 < 0. 

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is approved for colorectal tumors. It is given by intravenous infusion. The most severe side effect is diarrhea, which can be severe and needs to be treated by a physician. Temporary liver dysfunction is generally asymptomatic. The other side effects are the same as those produced by topotecan. 

Tf one component is merely undergoing a phase change at constant temperature, (Figure 9.84h. c) CPt is effectively zero and both equations 9.241 and 9.243 reduce to ... 

Morini Gl, Lorenzini M, Salvigini S (2006) Friction characteristics of compressible gas flows in micro-tubes. Exp. Thermal and Fluid Science 30 733-744 Mudawar 1 (2001) Assessment of high-heat-flux thermal management schemes. IEEE CPT Trans 24 122-141... 

Long-chain acyl-CoA esters are then converted to acylcamitine esters by readily reversible reactions with L-camitine catalyzed by carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I). 

Figure 3. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Long-chain fatty acids are converted to their CoA-esters as described in the text, and their fatty-acyl-groups transferred to CoA in the matrix by the concerted action of CPT 1, the acylcarnitine/carnitine exchange carrier and CPT (A) as described in the text. Medium-chain and short-chain fatty acids (Cg or less) diffuse directly into the matrix where they are converted to their acyl-CoA esters by a acyl-CoA synthase. The mechanism of p-oxidation is shown below (B). Each cycle of P-oxidation removes -CH2-CH2- as an acetyl unit until the fatty acids are completely converted to acetyl-CoA. The enzymes catalyzing each stage of P-oxidation have different but overlapping specificities. In muscle mitochondria, most acetyl-CoA is oxidized to CO2 and H2O by the citrate cycle (Figure 4) some is converted to acylcamitine by carnitine acetyltransferase (associated with the inner face of the inner membrane) and exported from the matrix. Some acetyl-CoA (if in excess) is hydrolyzed to acetate and CoASH by acetyl-CoA hydrolase in the matrix. Enzymes ...

The steps in the subsequent utilization of muscle LCFAs may be summarized as follows. The free fatty acids, liberated from triglycerides by a neutral triglyceride lipase, are activated to form acyl CoAs by the mediation of LCFAcyl-CoA synthetase which is situated on the outer mitochondrial membrane. The next step involves carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT I, see Figure 9) which is also located on the outer mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the transfer of LCFAcyl residues from CoA to carnitine (y-trimethyl-amino-P-hydroxybutyrate). LCFAcyl... 

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) deficiencies are commonly associated with myoglobinuria after prolonged exercise typically patients are young men and... 

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