9-substituted CPTs

To this is added the costs of the platforms and ladders for the tower. The concept of Eq. (16.70) is again applied after substituting Cpt for Cy for each section. From Eq. (16.58) for the top section, again using the total length of the tower ... 

Belotecan ([7-(2-isopropylamino)ethyl]-CPT, Camtobell , 6) is a semisynthetic 7-substituted CPT approved in South Korea. Phase II clinical trials of singleagent belotecan against SCLC showed its remarkable efficacy (OR 24—42%) [8,9]. Even more favorable results were reported for the treatment of SCLC and recurrent ovarian cancer by the combination of belotecan with cisplatin (OR 70%) and carboplatin, respectively (OR 57%) [10, 11]. 

GFz(CpT) + nT Tambien,) = r AH) Substitution of appropriate numerical values gives... 

The myopathic form of CPT deficiency is due to a defect of CPT II. The gene for CPT II has been localized to chromosome 1, and several mutations have been identified in patients [4]. As in the case of McArdle s disease (see above), one mutation, a serine-to-leucine substitution at codon 113, is far more common than the others in Caucasians and can be screened for in genomic DNA from blood cells, thus potentially avoiding muscle biopsy. 

The electron-deficient ring of quinoline is not very reactive to electrophilic substitution, the preferred sites of attack being position 5 and 9 [24]. Nitration of CPT (best yields 70 % [25]) gives infacta mixtureofl2-and9-nitrocamptothecin (6). The latter is itself a compound (Rubitecan) endowed with potent antitumor activity [26], and is a precursor of many derivatives, as it can be easily reduced to 9-amino-CPT (7), in turn convertible into 9-hydroxy- and 9-methoxycamptothecin, minor components of the plant extract (Scheme 16.3). 

Following Graver and Bechtel, mechanistic explanations are constituted by answers to certain how -questions (in a non-evaluative sense, as one should hasten to add (cf. Schnieder 2009)). Such questions take the form How does x cpT A corresponding explanation is, then, a by -explanation of the following form a -s by (ft s) r -ing . Reference to b is relevant insofar as we sometimes face explanations such as the heart pumps blood by the organized contraction of its constituent muscles . To connect this to the less precise talk above In the position of a or b we substitute an expression that designates the bearer of an event in... 

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