Naming Covalent Compounds

Naming Covalent Compounds Naming Ionic Compounds... 

To name a binary covalent compound, name the first non-metal, including its prefix, then name the second non-metal, using the prefix and changing the ending to ide. (Note the prefix mono is generally not used for the first non-metal in the formula.)... 

Isomerism is commonly encountered in covalent compounds but is rare among ionic compounds. Isomers can be grouped under two major categories, namely structural isomers and. stereoisomers [48, p. 45]. 

The table shows some of the prefixes used to name binary covalent compounds. What name would be given to the compound PBr5 ... 

Pentacoordinate phosphorus offers an example of the application of EHT to covalent compounds that do not contain carbon (34). There are two possible high-symmetry structures for PHS, namely, a D3h trigonal bipyramid and a C4v square pyramid. The energies and shapes of tire MO s for each of the two are given in Fig. 26. For the latter, the optimal value of a was found to be 99.8°. Still another structure was considered ... 

Every syllable in the name of a chemical compound conveys something about that compound. From ionic and molecular (covalent) compounds to organic hydrocarbons and acids, the names matter, and you find out why in this part. 

Naming Molecular (CoValent) Compounds and Writing Their Formulas... 

Does the formula contain a metal (not hydrogen) If there s no metal, you re naming a molecular (covalent) compound, so you need to use the prefixes in Table 6-2. Be sure to change the ending of the second element to -ide. If there is a metal, then you re dealing with an ionic compound, so proceed to Question 3. 

As previously discussed, covalent compounds contain carbon chains, or infrastructures. These carbon chains are numbered so chemists are able to name them. Because the rules that govern the system of numbering can be tricky for beginners to learn, we will not go into to much depth. In the following illustration, butane is shown with correct numbering. Thereafter, another more complicated structure is shown with correct numbering, followed by an even more complicated structure. In each of these examples, the numbering demonstrates how compounds can be numbered and labeled for proper identification. 

Sample Compound name Dissolves in water Conductivity as a liquid or when dissolved in water Melting point Appearance Covalent or ionic ... 

O (j i f Name the typical properties of covalent compounds. Give two examples of covalent compounds. 

In section 3.4, you learned how to name ionic and covalent compounds. You also learned how to write their formulas. In Chapter 4, you will learn how compounds and elements interact in nature, in the laboratory, and in everyday life. These interactions are responsible for the tremendous variety of substances and materials found on Earth. 

Name three characteristics of covalent compounds and three characteristics of ionic compounds. 

A1C13 is called aluminum trichloride BECAUSE prefixes are used when naming covalent compounds. 

F, T The correct name of this compound is aluminum chloride. Prefixes are not used when naming ionic compounds. Prefixes are used when naming covalent compounds. 

The ability to name compounds and determine the chemical formula for a compound comes from the ability to distinguish between ionic and covalent compounds. The name of a compound depends heavily on the type of bond present between the atoms. Besides being able to identify certain types of bonds, when learning to name compounds it is best to remember the rules that apply to the type of bond in question. The rules for naming four common kinds of compounds are outlined below. 

Covalent Compounds The names of covalent compounds differ from those of ionic compounds in that covalent compounds require the use of a prefix to indicate the number of atoms present. Examples are CO carbon monoxide and C02 carbon dioxide. Other prefixes that can be used are tri- and tetra-. 

C Covalently bonded substances will use prefixes while ionic compounds will not. Choice A may seem correct, but a covalent compound s name does not start with the prefix mono-. Calcium fluoride is ionic and will not use prefixes at all. Tetra- is correct to indicate four in a covalently bonded compound. P is phosphorus and not potassium. Finally, Ti is titanium and not tin, Sn. 

Be able to name ionic and covalent compounds using both traditional methods and the stock method. 

Type III binary compounds are neutral, covalent compounds that contain two nonmetals. Type III naming is similar to Type I and II using the following rules ... 

Different systems are used for naming binary covalent compounds and ionic compounds, and acids are named still other ways. For binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds (which are covalent), name the leftmost or lower element in the periodic table first, and then name the other element. Change the ending of the second element to -ide, and indicate the number of atoms of that element in the molecule by a prefix (Table 6.1). If more than one... 

Be careful not to misinterpret the name net ionic equation. It is not necessarily true that all the substances appearing in such an equation are ionic. Covalent compounds often occur in net ionic equations. Also, just because the formula for a complete compound is written in such an equation does not mean that the compound is not ionic it might simply be insoluble. 

Section 16.1 introduces the concept of oxidation number and how to calculate the oxidation number of an element from the formula of the compound or ion of which it is a part. Section 16.2 describes how to use the oxidation numbers to name compounds, formalizing and extending the rules given in Chapter 6. Section 16.3 shows how to predict possible oxidation numbers from the position of the element in the periodic table and how to use these oxidation numbers to write probable formulas for covalent compounds. Section 16.4 presents a systematic method for balancing equations in which oxidation numbers change. 

We will begin with the systems for naming inorganic binary compounds— compounds composed of two elements—which we classify into various types for easier recognition. We will consider both ionic and covalent compounds. 

In binary covalent compounds the element names follow the same rules as those for binary ionic compounds. 

Binary covalent compounds are formed between two nonmetals. Although these compounds do not contain ions, they are named very similarly to binary ionic compounds. 

In the naming of binary covalent compounds the following rules apply ... 

Several uninegative groups show a similarity to halide ions in both their ionic and covalent compounds. The corresponding pseudohalogen covalent dimer of four of these entities has been isolated (Table 93). (The name is due to Birckenbach and Kellermann, 1925.)... 

Name binary inorganic covalent compounds by using prefixes, roots, and suffixes. 

Covalent compounds made of two elements are named by using a method similar to the one used to name ionic compounds. Think about how the covalent compound SO2 is named. The first element named is usually the first one written in the formula, in this case sulfur. Sulfur is the less-electronegative element. The second element named has the ending -ide, in this case oxide. 

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