Coupling ports

As with packaging, the exact form of component composition varies across different component technologies and tools. The key point is that the composition can be done by a different party, and at a different time, from the building of the components themselves. Section 10.7, Component Architecture, discusses a component-port-connector model for describing compositions in a simple way. Ports are the access points in a component where its services can be accessed or where it can access another s services connectors couple ports. The kinds of compositions supported by a particular technology or style can be described by its connector kinds. 

FIG. 99. Unit-Melter furnace (J) ports with indicated flame direction, (2) and (3) coupled ports. 

Nonlinear refraction phenomena, involving high iatensity femtosecond pulses of light traveling in a rod of Tfsapphire, represent one of the most important commercial exploitations of third-order optical nonlinearity. This is the realization of mode-locking ia femtosecond Tfsapphire lasers (qv). High intensity femtosecond pulses are focused on an output port by the third-order Kerr effect while the lower intensity continuous wave (CW) beam remains unfocused and thus is not effectively coupled out of the laser. 

Figure 6.10 Schematic diagram of a typical interface used for on-line SFE-CEST coupling (from ref. 57) 1, micro-LC pump 2, heated resti ictor 3, six-poit valve 4, sample concentrator 5, three-port valve 6, CE instmment.

Sotolon (4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone) and solerone (4-acetyl- y-butirrolactone) were claimed to be responsible for some aroma characteristic of flor sherries wines. These compounds are present only as traces, and are chemically unstable. A system of two gas chromatographs coupled with a four-port switching valve was used to quantitate these components without previous fractionation. The first chromatograph was equipped with an on-column injector, in order to avoid thermal degradation of sotolon in the heated injector, a DB-5 column and an FID. The second chromatograph was equipped with an on-column injector, a DB-1701 column and an FID. The method allowed quantification of solerone and sotolon at concentrations as low as a few ppb (29). 

An on-line supercritical fluid chromatography-capillary gas chromatography (SFC-GC) technique has been demonstrated for the direct transfer of SFC fractions from a packed column SFC system to a GC system. This technique has been applied in the analysis of industrial samples such as aviation fuel (24). This type of coupled technique is sometimes more advantageous than the traditional LC-GC coupled technique since SFC is compatible with GC, because most supercritical fluids decompress into gases at GC conditions and are not detected by flame-ionization detection. The use of solvent evaporation techniques are not necessary. SFC, in the same way as LC, can be used to preseparate a sample into classes of compounds where the individual components can then be analyzed and quantified by GC. The supercritical fluid sample effluent is decompressed through a restrictor directly into a capillary GC injection port. In addition, this technique allows selective or multi-step heart-cutting of various sample peaks as they elute from the supercritical fluid... 

Fig. 9.3. Optical alignment of the fiber-optic output with respect to the microscope axis (black line). A close up is shown of the side-port of the Axiovert 200 microscope and fiber-optic coupling of a modulated 514 nm laser source. Left the fiber output (coming from the right) is aligned onto the microscope axis enabling wide-held excitation. Right the fiber output is aligned slightly off axis, but sufficient to induce TIRF. The scale of the picture can be inferred from the optical table M6 screw mounts separated by 1 inch.

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