Countermeasure against failures

This paper summarizes the sodium leak incident, the cause of thermocouple well tube failure, and the improvement and countermeasure programs against sodium leakage incidents. 

Current standards on railway safety as EN 50128 or IEEE 1483 name them or require some countermeasures which do not necessarily cover transient failures completely. ISO 26262-109 names transient faults and describes, how they should be accounted for in reliability and safety calculations. But the standards do not give a systematic approach against transient failures or provide a deeper discussion on the causes and nature of transient faults. 

While medical countermeasures are effective against the neurotoxins, they are not so against DNA toxins where multiple somatic systems are involved and there is general organ failure. 

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