Cortinarius orellanus

Bouget, J., Bousser, J., Pats, B., Ramee, M.P., Chevet, D., Rifle, G., Giudicelli, C.P. and Thomas, R. (1990). Acute renal failure following collective intoxication by Cortinarius orellanus. Intensive Care Med., 16, 506-510. 

Grzymala, S. (1965). Etude clinique des intoxications par les champignons du genre Cortinarius orellanus Fr. Bull. Med. Leg., Toxicol. Med., 8, 60-70. 

Horn S., Horina, J.H., Krejs G.J., Holzer, H. and Ratschek, M. (1997). Endstage renal failure from mushroom poisoning with Cortinarius orellanus report of four cases and review of literature. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 30, 282-286. 

Amanita phalloides and amatoxin-containing mushrooms Cortinarius orellanus, C. speciosissimus, C. rainierensis Amanita proxima, A. smithiana andTricholoma equestre Conclusion... 

Danel VC, Saviuc PF, Garon D. Main features of Cortinarius spp. poisoning a literature review.Toxicon 2001 39 1053-1060 Prast H, Werner ER, Pfaller W, Moser M. Toxic properties of the mushroom Cortinarius orellanus. I. Chemical characterization of the main toxin of Cortinarius orellanus (Fries) and Cortinarius speciosissimus (Kuhn Romagn) and acute toxicity in mice. Arch Toxicol 1988 62 81-88... 

Montoli A, Confalonieri R, Colombo V. Lack of efficacy of early plasma exchange in renal toxicity from Cortinarius orellanus. Nephron 1999 81 248... 

Kilner RG, D Souza RJ, Oliveira DB, MacPhee IA,Turner DR, Eastwood JB. Acute renal failure from intoxication by Cortinarius orellanus recovery using anti-oxidant therapy and steroids. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999 14 2779-2780... 

Common Name(s) Mica Cap Poison Coprine Cortinarius Orellanus Common Name(s) Poznan Cort Poison Coprine... 

The mushrooms Cortinarius orellanus and C. speciossimus are sources of three bipyridyl bases which are named orelline orellanine and orellinine (W.Z. Antkcwiak aind W.P. Gessner, Tetrahedron Letters, 1979, 1931 Experientia, 1985, 41, 769). Orellanine is the bis-W-oxide of orelline (111), which exists in tautomeric equilibrium with the pyridone form (112), Orellinine is the mono- -oxide of orelline. 

The mushroom Cortinarius orellanus, occurring in several Western European countries, was recognized for the first time by Grzymala 274-276) to be responsible for many fatal poisonings in Poland. The toxic properties of this species were attributed by the author, following the experiments on test animals, to a crystalline, colorless substance he isolated and called orellanine 277,278). The responsibility of orellanine for... 

Orelline and orellanine are two toxic alkaloids occurring in the mushroom Cortinarius orellanus Fries. Chemical and particularly spectroscopic investigations have revealed that orelline is the tetrahydroxy-2,2 -bipyridyl (53), tautomeric with (54), and orellanine is the corresponding bis-7V-oxide. ... 

Delayed onset gastritis and renai faiiure Oreiianine Cortinarius orellanus, other Cortinarius spp. Abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting starting after 24-36 hours, followed by progressive acute renal failure (tubulointerstitial nephritis) 3-14 days later. 

Unfortunately, the name cortinarin, coined originally in ref. 384, has subsequently been assigned by Tebbett and coworkers (651) to a supposed cyclopeptide toxin from Cortinarius orellanus. 

A minor constituent of each of the acutely toxic mushrooms Cortinarius orellanus and C. speciosissimus is the yellow bipyridyl orelline (531) 26,27). The mono- and bis-Y-oxides of orelline, named orellinine... 

Grzymala, S. risolement de TOrellanine Poison du Cortinarius orellanus Fr. et rfetude de ses Effet Anatomopathologique. Bull. soc. mycol. France 78, 394 (1962). 

Kurnsteiner, H., and M. Moser Isolation of a Lethal Toxin from Cortinarius orellanus Fr. Mycopathologia 74, 65 (1981). 

Tiecco, M., M. Tingoli, L. Testaferri, D. Chianelli, and E. Wenkert Total Synthesis of Orellanine The Lethal Toxin of Cortinarius orellanus Fries Mushroom. Tetrahedron 42, 1475 (1986). 

The fungi fool s web cap (Cortinarius orellanus, Cortinariaceae) and deadly web cap (C. rubellus), and other species, that cause the so-called orellanine poisoning, contain a toxic pyridine alkaloid orellanine (10-220), its degradation products oreUinine (10-221) and yellow orelHne (10-222), which are produced by heating or by exposure to UV radiation. Orellanine is a highly polar compound due to tautomerism between the neutral and internal ionic form. 

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