Cortex, glucose utilization

Brain glucose utilization decreases when alertness and cognitive performance are impaired by sleep deprivation, especially in the prefrontal cortex, a region involved in alertness, attention, and higher order cognitive processes and in the thalamus, a subcortical structure involved in alertness and attention. 

Hostility and violent behavior increase glucose utilization in the limbic system, temporal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The orbital frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex are involved in the inhibition of aggressive behavior. 

When aggressive patients were given fenfluramine, there was increased metaboUc activity in parieto-temporal cortical regions, and decreased uptake of the tracer in the anterior cingulate. Impulsivity was correlated with increased regional glucose utilization in the superior and middle frontal cortex. 

Volkow and colleagues from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) found that marijuana abusers had lower overall cerebellar glucose metabolism than normal subjects, but they had increased glucose utilization in orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal cortex, and basal ganglia. 

Fig. 19. Glucose utilization in four cortical areas following apomorphine. (A) Anterior cingulate cortex, (B) Sensory motor cortex layer IV, (C) Sensory motor cortex layer VI,...

Parallel Alterations in Glucose Utilization in Thalamus and Cortex following the Administration of Apomorphin ... 

Pribram, 1975). The stratum moleculare lacunosum gives rise to few, if any, fibers which terminate outside of the hippocampal formation, but has extensive, diverse intrahippocampal connections (Swanson and Cowan, 1977). In contrast, the parasubiculum is the origin of the major hippocampal projection to the mamillary body and, of particular interest in relation to the observed alterations in glucose utilization, to the anterior thalamic nucleus (Powell and Hines, 1975 Swanson and Cowan, 1977). The anterior nucleus of the thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex possess extensive reciprocal connections with each other (Domesick, 1969 Beckstead et ai,... 

Fig. 24. Left lateral habenular nucleus. Right frontal cortex (laminae VI and IV). Log dose-response curve of the magnitude of the reductions in glucose utilization following the intravenous administration of muscimol. The level of glucose utilization in control habenular...

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