Mamillary body

Charness ME, DeLaPaz RL (1987) Mamillary body atrophy in Wernicke s encephalopathy antemortem identification using magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 22(5) 595-600 Cherubini A, Polidori MC, Bregnocchi M, Pezzuto S, Cecchetti R, Ingegni T, Di loiio A, Senin U, Mecocci P (2000) Antioxidant profile and early outcome in stroke patients. Stroke 31(10) 2295-2300... 

Adrenergic variability may be a neurochemical cause of blepharospasm. Decreased norepinephrine levels have been identified in the hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, and locus ceruleus, whereas increased norepinephrine levels have been identified in the dorsal raphe nucleus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, and thalamus. A neurochemical abnormality, if it exists, appears to result from a loss of inhibitory adrenergic input to the locus ceruleus, which supplies information to the cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord, resulting in adrenergic excess at the distal sites. This neurochemical abnormality may be genetically identifiable in 33% of patients. 

Pribram, 1975). The stratum moleculare lacunosum gives rise to few, if any, fibers which terminate outside of the hippocampal formation, but has extensive, diverse intrahippocampal connections (Swanson and Cowan, 1977). In contrast, the parasubiculum is the origin of the major hippocampal projection to the mamillary body and, of particular interest in relation to the observed alterations in glucose utilization, to the anterior thalamic nucleus (Powell and Hines, 1975 Swanson and Cowan, 1977). The anterior nucleus of the thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex possess extensive reciprocal connections with each other (Domesick, 1969 Beckstead et ai,... 

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