Corrosion mapping

Software for the use of straight beam probes and T/R probes (bond testing, corrosion mapping, general flaw detection)... 

The great differences of the corrosion rate in restricted geografical areas have also been demonstrated by construction of corrosion maps for cities or whole countries. The corrosion map of zinc for UK (28), the corrosion map of several metals for the Sarpsborg/Fredrikstad area in Norway ( ) and the corrosion map of steel for Madrid (30) may serve as examples. The very strong local variations of atmospheric corrosion of metals implies also the major role of dry deposition of pollutants. The wet deposition does not by far exhibit such strong variations as the corrosion rate. 

Rao, K.N.P., Lahiri, A.K. Corrosion Map of India Corrosion Advisory Bureau. Metal Research, India (1970)... 

Corrosion maps are very desirable. T. R. Shaw has initiated these for the United Kingdom (Shaw, 1976 Ministry of Agriculture 1982, 1986), and his test technique has been adopted elsewhere. A new edition was published by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1992. Some results are available for Canada and New Zealand. Spedding (1971) gives results for Australia related to SO2 content. It is interesting to compare the U.K. map with the pH of acid rain there (Fig. 2.4c), which clearly indicates that acid rain is only one of the factors affecting zinc corrosion. 

Shaw, T. R. (1976). Corrosion map of the British Isles. ASTM, STP 646, ASTM, Philadelphia, pp. 204—215. (See also Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Fisheries.)... 

Maps are powerful tools for commuiticating information related to geographical landscapes and corrosivity maps of various countries have been drawn to illustrate the corrosion severity of regions of these... 

Figure 9.35 Corrosivity map of North America showing the particular aggressiveness of the snowbeit region.

Similar corrosivity maps have been created from data available in the literature, such as the corrosivity map of Mexico shown in Fig. 9.36 [29], the map of Japan (Fig. 9.37) that shows an increasing corrosivity from north to south regions [30], and the map of India (Fig. 9.38) [31]. 

Rao KNP, Lahiri AK. Corrosion Map of India. Jamshedpur, India Council of Scientific and Industrial, 1971. 

In order to summarize our results in a form suitable for daily use under operational conditions, a corrosion map was created (see Figure 4.75). In this map, corrosion product phase compositions (limited to magnetite and hematite) are presented in the form of circular diagrams. 

Figure 4.75 Corrosion map of Bohunice NPP V-2 (Slovakia) based on results obtained during the period 1998-2008...

A. Ghanbarzadeh, J. Neshad, M.R. Bagherzadeh, S. Ghanizadeh 2013. Atmospheric corrosion map of an oil refinery. Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 60 (2), 106—114. 

Satendra Kumar, Sankara Narayanan T. S. N., Ganesh Sundara Raman S. and Seshadri S. K. (2010d), Fretting-corrosion mapping of CP-Ti in Ringer s solution . Wear, 268, 1537 1. (doi 10.1016/j.wear.2010.01.026)... 

Erosion-corrosion map for Incoloy 800H eroded for 24 h in fluidized bed containing 200 pm silica [9], showing Quantiam s area of interest. 

S.E. Haagenrud, J.R. Henriksen, and R. Gram, Dose-response functions and corrosion mapping of a small geographical area. Presented at the Electrochemical Society Symposium on Corrosion Effects of Acid Deposition, Las Vegas, NV, October 1985, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU R 53/85, (1985). 

One of the earliest NDT applications for laser-based profilometry systems was for the inspection of marine boiler tubes. Under funding from the U.S. Navy", several systems were developed that were capable of rapidly and accurately mapping the inside surface of 25 mm and 50 mm diameter boiler tubing. Features such as internal pitting and corrosion can be located and quantitatively assessed using computer-graphic analysis. The system employs an... 

Arup and Partners, Electropotential Mapping of Corrosion in Concrete, HMSO (OTH 88286)... 

Intergranular Corrosion. In order to identify the species present in the narrow crevices of intergranular corrosion paths in metallic materials, which may be only 1-2 pm wide, the use of an Auger map using SAM has been successful. 

It is common practice to decide reference electrode locations from the results of a surface potential mapping survey. Electrodes are normally embedded at locations with the most negative surface potentials, i.e. the locations most likely to corrode. In new structures, it is common to install reference electrodes at locations most likely to be exposed to future corrosion problems. The number of reference electrodes installed will mainly depend on the size and complexity of the structure and the cost. 

Figure 22.5 shows the current map above the surface of the sol-gel film loaded with NIR-sensitive containers recorded after 24 h of immersion before and after irradiation with an IR-laser. The corrosion disappears immediately after irradiation of the local defect area. Thus, the healing of the corrosion defect is induced by remote IR opening of the inhibitor-loaded containers near the defects. Moreover, these films are characterized by high anticorrosion ability during aging. 

One of the lessons learned as corrosion research entered the second half of the twentieth century concerned the importance of making a map showing the heterogeneous zones of most corroding surfaces. Subramaniam (1983) showed that the solubility of H in a metal increases exponentially, depending on the local tensile stress. Stresses are particularly severe near dislocation buildups in metals. The need for a method to examine these theoretical deductions experimentally, and indeed to examine the sites of H in metals, was the origin of the technique described here. 

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