Correlation with equivalent conductivity

Data for equivalent conductances at infinite dilution A0, and in particular single ion contributions AJ and Aq, have been deliberately excluded from this report being of more interest to the electrochemist than to the polymer kinetidst. However, it is worthwhile pointing out that conductance data on tri-isoamyl-n-butyl ammonium tetraphenylborate and hexachloroantimonate in CH2C1 has been obtained (26), allowing single ion conductances for all the ions in Tables 4 and 5 to be estimated. Thus the effective Stoke s radii (r and r ) can be calculated (as outlined in Section III.B) and compared with the effective interionic distance (r+ and 6 ) in the ion pairs, as calculated from the simplified Denison and Ramsey equation. This correlation is displayed in Table 6. 

Two further correlations emerge from Table 5.23. First, the equivalent conductivity decreases with increasing size of the cation (Table 5.24) second, there is a decrease in equivalent conductivity in going from the monovalent to the divalent and... 

As reported in [125, 127], cadmium sulfide semiconductor wafers have been used as such a surface the conductance of these wafers was varied by exposure to light. The least adhesion was found for the surface that had been illuminated (Fig. IV.3, curve 3). The adhesion interaction correlates with the electrical resistance of the CdS wafer. When the wafer was protected from light, this resistance was 7 10 f2 after brief exposure to light it was 3 10 f2, and after extended exposure it dropped off to 5 10 The work function drops off upon illumination since the surface conductance increases and the resistance drops off. The increase in work function of the CdS brings about an equivalent decrease in adhesion (Fig. IV.3). 

In order to calculate equivalent impedance of the sample, conductance as another dominant electrical parameter shuold be taken into account. It is a parasitic parameter that is given in terms of capacitance with tanS as a measure of losses, i.e., l/R=G-o>C tan5. The intergranular impedance model also contains two additional parameters inductance L, and capacitance Cp. Their nature cannot be correlated with geometrical parameters of grains in general way. 

The degrees of dissociation and hydration numbers calculated from vapor pressures correlate quantitatively with the properties of dilute as well as concentrated solutions of strong electrolytes. Simple mathematical relations have been provided for the concentration dependences of vapor pressure, e.m.f. of concentration cells, solution density, equivalent conductivity and diffusion coefficient. Non-ideality has thus been shown to be mainly due to solvation and incomplete dissociation. The activity coefficient corrections are, therefore, no longer necessary in physico-chemical thermodynamics and analytical chemistry. 

This correlation conflicts strongly with the interpretation of the Xhx values as shown in Tables 13A and 13D. For n-octanol, the equivalent conductance would probably be very small, and at 0°C and Phx = 1 atni the proportion of the (about) 1 mole of HX per mole of -octanol which gives rise to ions on a time-average basis must be very small. 

The simulation results on bubble velocities, bubble shapes, and their fluctuation shown in Fig. 3 are consistent with the existing correlations (Fan and Tsuchiya, 1990) and experimental results obtained in this study. Bubble rise experiments were conducted in a 4 cm x 4 cm Plexiglas bubble column under the same operating conditions as those of the simulations. Air and tap water were used as the gas and liquid phases, respectively. Gas is introduced through a 6 mm nozzle. Note that water contamination would alter the bubble-rise properties in the surface tension dominated regime. In ambient conditions, this regime covers the equivalent bubble diameters from 0.8 to 4mm (Fan and Tsuchiya, 1990). All the air-water experiments and simulations of this study are carried out under the condition where most equivalent bubble diameters exceed... 

---