Coronin

Edited by Barbara A. Burleigh and Dominique Soldati-Favre Volume 48 The Coronin Family of Proteins... 

Coronin, achn binding protein Enriched in amyloid plaques Liao et al. 2004... 

The proteins include cytoskeletal proteins (coronin, tau), membrane trafficking proteins (clathrin, dynamin 1, dynein), proteases (ATPases, cathepsin), 14-3-3 proteins, chaperons, and others. 

Figure 1. Condensed phylogenetic tree of the coronin protein family. The tree constitutes the basis of a new nomenclature and shows the evolutionary relationship of the twelve coronin subfamilies (CRN1-CRN12). See also chapter 11-2 by Reginald O. Morgan and M. Pilar Fernandez.

The Coronin Family of Proteins, edited by Christoph S. Clemen, Ludwig Eichinger and Vasily Rybakin. 2008 Landes Bioscience and Springer ScienceH-Business Media. 

Figure 2. Domain organisation, three-dimensional structure and sequence-into-colour translation of human coronin-lC. Top, True to scale schematic of the domain structure of human coronin-lC N, N-terminal coronin-specific signature, PI-7, p-propeller blades, C, unique C-terminal region, CC, coiled coll. Middle, top and side view of the structural homology model of human coronin-1 C, based on the crystal structure of human coronin-IA. p-propeller blades 1 and 2 that represent an unconventional and a typical p-propeller blade, respectively, are oriented to the bottom (left) and to the front (right). See also Chapter 5 by Bernadette McArdle and Andreas Hofmann. Figure 2 legend continued on the next page.

The fourth section is dedicated to coronins in immunity and cancer. The chapter by Jean Pieters describes the current knowledge on mammalian coronin-1A that is exclusively expressed in leukocytes. Recent work based on biochemical, molecular biological and genetic analyses suggest that coronin-lA is involved in the regulation ofleukocyte specific signalling events (Chapter 10). 

David W. Roadcap, Christoph S. Clemen and James E. Bear present the involvement of coronins in multiple diseases. They highlight possible functions of coronins-lB and -1C in clinically relevant processes such as brain development and neural regeneration. Moreover, coronin-1C is up-regulated in multiple types of cUnically aggressive cancer, particularly in the progression of melanoma and glioma (Chapter 11). 

In summary, the individual contributions from leading scientists in their respective research fields delineate the established functions of coronins and also highlight active areas of coronin research. Coronins, versatile hubs for protein-protein interaction, play fundamental roles in a variety of significant cellular processes. In recent years it turned out that mis-regulation of coronin expression apparently causes developmental problems and is associated with multiple diseases. Clearly, there is still a lot to be learned about this structurally and functionally fascinating family of proteins. 

Rybakin V, Clemen C. Coronin proteins as multifunctional regulators of the cytoskcleton and membrane... 

Uetrecht A, Bear J. Coronins the return of the crown. Trends Cell Biol 2006 16(8) 421-426. 

Appleton B, Wu P, Wiesmann C. The crystal structure of murine coronin-1 a regulator of actin cyto-skeletal dynamics in lymphocytes. Structure 2006 14(1) 87 96. 

The seven-bladed propeller structure of the coronin family contains only five clearly identifiable WD repeats. These WD repeats are found between positions 79 and 305 in the murine coronin 1 (coronin lA). The first and last blades, 37-71 and 306-352 are either very highly modified WD repeats or were derived from a different source. While it is possible that five WD repeats were inserted into some pre-existing beta domain, this seems a bit unlikely given the standard Velcro-type propeller closure is employed. In addition the strand order in these two non WD repeats is the same as that in the five WD repeats. It is clear that the sequences of these two non WD repeats are by themselves diagnostic of the coronin family. 

The defect in locomotion and cytokinesis left little doubt that coronin was playing an important role in the actin cytoskeleton but the phenotype did not give a clear indication of what coronin... 

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