Coronary heart disease, and

In addition to the twenty amino acids commonly found in proteins, two others—selenocysteine and pyrrolysine—are found in some organisms, and more than 700 nonprotein amino acids are also found in nature. y-Amino-butyric acid (GABA), for instance, is found in the brain and acts as a neurotransmitter homocysteine is found in blood and is linked to coronary heart disease and thyroxine is found in the thyroid gland, where it acts as a hormone. 

The daily dose of sulfinpyrazone is 200-400 mg. The side effects of sulfinpyrazone are comparable with those of probenecid. A potential therapeutic advantage of sulfinpyrazone in patients with coronary heart disease and thromboembolic diseases is its inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. 

HERTOG M G L, KROMHOUT D, ARAVANIS C, BLACKBURN H, BUZINA R, FIDANZA F, GIAMPAOLI S, JANSEN A, MENOTTI A, NEDELJKOVIC S, PEKKARINEN M, SIMIC B S, TOSHIMA H, FESKENS E J M, HOLLMAN p c H, KATAN M B (1995) Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the Seven Coimtries study, Archives of Internal Medicine, 155, 381-6. 

From earlier times when it has first been established that ischemia and hypoxia are the potential causes of coronary heart disease and myocardial infraction [50,51], antioxidants... 

Anticoagulants are substances that can prevent blood from clotting and, hence, are of therapeutic use in cases where a high risk of coagulation is diagnosed. They are often administered to patients with coronary heart disease and to patients who have experienced a heart attack or... 

Table 9.1. Risk factors for coronary heart disease and venous thromboembolic disease [adapted from Friedewald (1996) and Rosendaal (1999)]... 

M33. Murai, A., Miyahara, T., Fujimoto, M., and Kameyama, M., Lp(a)liprotein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction. Atherosclerosis (Shannon. Irel.) 59, 199 (1985). 

T4. Tato, F., Keller, C., Schuster, H., Spengel, F., Wolfram, G., and Zollner, N., Relation of lipoprotein(a) to coronary heart disease and duplex sonographic findings of the carotid arteries in heterozygous and familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis (Shannon. Irel.) 101, 69-77 (1993). 

The adverse effects of saturated fats on the plasma Upid profile translate into adverse effects on human health. It has been demonstrated in clinical trials that there is a clear correlation between the percent of dietary energy as saturated fats and the incidence of coronary heart disease and mortality." It follows that limiting your intake of saturated fats is a prudent course of action. 

Q80 Statins may be recommended to a 60-year-old asymptomatic male who is overweight, has a family history of coronary heart disease and is a smoker. The patient has a 10-year cardiovascular risk of 10% or more and is likely to benefit from statin treatment. 

The subsequent conversion of HMG-CoA into MVA involves a two-step reduction of the thioester group to a primary alcohol (see Section 7.11), and provides an essentially irreversible and rate-limiting transformation. Drug-mediated inhibition of this enzyme, HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), can be used to regulate the biosynthesis of the steroid cholesterol. High levels of blood cholesterol are known to contribute to the incidence of coronary heart disease and heart attacks. 

Ross J, Jr. Myocardial perfusion-contraction matching. Implications for coronary heart disease and hibernation. Circulation 1991 83 1076-1083... 

CA023 Kleemola, P., P. Jousilahti, P. Pietinen, E. Vartiainen, and J. Tuomilehto. Coffee consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease, and death. Arch Intern Med 2000 160(22) 3393-3400. 

Hertog, M.G.L. et al., Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the seven countries study. Arch. Intern. Med., 155, 381, 1995. 

Simvastatin is indicated in patients with coronary heart disease and hypercholesteremia, for the reduction of elevated total and LDL cholesterol in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia (type Ila and Ilb hyperlipoproteinemia), combined hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. 

Particulate matter Eye and nasal irritation, long-term exposure associated with coronary heart disease and lung cancer... 

Verdecchia P et al Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers for coronary heart disease and stroke prevention. Hypertension 2005 46 386. [PMID 16009786]... 

Virtanen, J. K., Voutilainen, S., Rissanen, T. H., Mursu, J., Tuomainen, T. P., Korhonen, M. J., Valkonen, V. P., Seppanen, K., Laukkanen, J. A., and Salonen, J. T. (2005). Mercury, fish oils, and risk of acute coronary events and cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality in men in eastern Finland. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 25, 228-233. 

Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke... 

Vitamin C is one of a group of nutrients that includes vitamin E (see p. 389) and p-carotene (see p. 380), which are known as anti oxidants. Consumption of diets rich in these compounds is associ ated with a decreased incidence of some chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease and certain cancers. However, clinical trials involving supplementation with the isolated antioxidants have failed to determine any convincing beneficial effects. 

ABSTRACT Several epidemiological studies have found an inverse correlation between the dietary flavonoid intake and a reduced mortality from coronary heart disease and the incidence of stroke. We will focus our review on several mechanisms which have been suggested to explain these protective effects. 

Hypertension is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke. Since ancient times, hypertensive patients have been treated orally with plant extracts based on folk medicine. However, and despite their in vitro vasodilator effects, little information about the protective effects of flavonoids on hypertension is available in the literature. Flavonoids have been considered as active principles of several antihypertensive plant extracts (e.g. rhamnoglycoside of limocitrin isolated from Citrus limonum, kaempferol 4 -0-glucose and hyperin from Euphorbia maddeni, moracenins from Morus alba, procyanidin glycoside from Rhamnus lycioides) [150,151]. In all cases, only the acute antihypertensive effects after i.v. administration in anaesthetised normotensive and/or hypertensive animals have been described. In addition to the direct vasodilator effects discussed above, the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme reported... 

---