Core of earth

Copper (continued) properties, 400. 408 Core, of earth, 440 Corrosion, 405 Coulomb, 241 Coulombic forces, 416 Coulson, C A., 252 Covalent bonds, 274, 277, 288 elements that form solids using, 302... 

Occurrence. Iron is highly abundant (about 5.5% of the earth s crust) it is believed that the core of earth is mostly molten iron together with nickel. The most common ore is haematite (Fe203). Iron is found in other minerals such as magnetite, limonite, siderite, pyrite. Iron is found native in meteorites known as siderites. 

As an element, Na is the sixth most abundant in the Earth s crust, whereas it is 14th in the universe. This is because its oxide Na20 is so easily made and so tighdy bound into rocks thatNa remained in the crust when many metals sank to the molten core of Earth. 

Lewis J. S. (1971) Consequences of presence of sulfur in core of Earth. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 11, 130. 

At only 2 percent abundance, the potassium content of Earths crust is much lower than the average measured in meteorites, most of which formed during the earliest stages of the solar system about 4.5 billion years ago. Since Earth formed at roughly the same time, the disparity means that some potassium-depleting process must have occurred as the planet evolved. Scientists have long speculated that much of the potassium may have moved into the molten outer core that surrounds the solid inner core of Earth. The molten core is composed primarily of... 

The high brilliance of synchrotron radiation makes possible the phonon density of states to be measured even for small samples. The measurement of the phonon density of states under high pressures using a diamond anvil cell (DAC), where the sample size is usually below 1 mm, is effective for studying the core of earth and has been performed by Lubbers et al. (2000), Mao et al. (2001), and Lin et al. (2005). 

Su W, Dziewonski AM, Jeanloz R (1996) Planet within a planet rotation of the inner core of Earth. Science 274 1883-1887... 

Iron is a relatively abundant element in the universe. It is found in the sun and many types of stars in considerable quantity. Its nuclei are very stable. Iron is a principal component of a meteorite class known as siderites and is a minor constituent of the other two meteorite classes. The core of the earth — 2150 miles in radius — is thought to be largely composed of iron with about 10 percent occluded hydrogen. The metal is the fourth most abundant element, by weight that makes up the crust of the earth. 

The possibility that an even larger impact caused the P T extinction received support when Becker and Poreda found that helium and argon atoms were present in the inner cores of some of the fullerenes from the P T boundary sediments (The cover of this book shows a helium atom inside a mol ecule of Ceo) What is special about the fullerene trapped atoms is that the mixtures of both helium and argon isotopes resemble extraterrestrial isotopic mixtures more than earthly ones The He/ He ratio in the P T boundary fullerenes for example is 50 times larger than the natural abundance ratio... 

Natural Deposits. Natural deposits, eg, minerals and fossil fuels, are located by drilling operations. An auger, eg, a screw or worm, is turned in the earth and pulled out, and material is scraped from the auger for analysis. Alternatively, samples can be taken by hoUow core drills which, when withdrawn, enclose a core of the earth that is representative of the strata through which the drill has passed. Such core samples are used in geological surveys for fossil fuels. As the drill drives deeper into the strata, each core is extracted and placed in a shallow box and coded so that a complete cross section of the geological strata can be reconstmcted. From this, the relative thickness of coal and mineral seams can be directly measured. 

The commercial value of a clay deposit depends on market trends, competitive materials, transportation faciflties, new machinery and processes, and labor and fuel costs. Naturally exposed outcrops, geological area and stmcture maps, aerial photographs, hand and power auger drills, core drills, earth resistivity, and shallow seismic methods are used ia exploration for clays (32). Clays are mined primarily by open-pit operation, including hydraulic extraction however, underground mining is also practiced. 

The core of the Earth consists mainly of iron. It can be comically considered as a particle of ash that came to rest. However, this will not last forever. The sun is a star in its first phase. In 4 billion years, it will develop into a red giant, which will also envelop the Earth. But there is still a long time before then. 

The above general picture is of an early mineral and gaseous Earth formed by a sequence of events controlled not just by equilibrium chemistry but particularly by physical compartmentalisation due to condensation as the temperature decreased. There is no other way of explaining the central core of metals which,... 

Centre of Earth core Fe/air, 02 Chemical energy (and heat, temperature) Rocks, Mantle... 

---