Cord, cordage

Approximately 3.9 x 106 t of nylon fiber is produced worldwide nylon-6,6 and nylon-6 account for about 98% of the total production. Nylon fibers are used for carpets, tire cord, cordage, soft-sided luggage, automotive air bags, parachutes, apparel, swimwear, and sheer hosiery. The advantages of nylon fibers over other synthetic fibers are high strength, durability, resilience, ease of dyeability, and low specific gravity. 

Catalysts. Iodine and its compounds ate very active catalysts for many reactions (133). The principal use is in the production of synthetic mbber via Ziegler-Natta catalysts systems. Also, iodine and certain iodides, eg, titanium tetraiodide [7720-83-4], are employed for producing stereospecific polymers, such as polybutadiene mbber (134) about 75% of the iodine consumed in catalysts is assumed to be used for polybutadiene and polyisoprene polymeri2a tion (66) (see RUBBER CHEMICALS). Hydrogen iodide is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of acetic acid from methanol (66). A 99% yield as acetic acid has been reported. In the heat stabiH2ation of nylon suitable for tire cordage, iodine is used in a system involving copper acetate or borate, and potassium iodide (66) (see Tire cords). 

Bast is the inner bark of a plant, composed of the phloem and other fibrous cells. Hard fiber, which comes from leaves, is used mostly for cordage (rope, twine, cord) and the rough fabric used for making sacks and other containers. Soft fiber, which comes from plant stems, is used to make thread and finer fabrics like linen, cotton, and woven hemp. 

Fabric Structural Evidence. For the most part the direct fabric evidence examined from the two sites consists of fibers and yams within fabric structures rather than in matting or cordage. Two exceptions are the re-plied yam occurring on the Etowah copper plate and the cords wrapped around the earspool shafts from F-30. Although the re-plied... 

Most of the chapters in this volume relate to specific functions from ballistic protection to transportation. In contrast to this, ropes and cordage are found in a wide variety of human activities from mooring oil rigs to tying up a parcel. Ropes and cords have an amazing diversity of uses as one-dimensional tension textiles. Inevitably, not all have been mentioned. Rescue ropes for many situations, sewing up wounds, ski tow ropes. 

As in all current technology, search engines such as Google provide a wealth of examples of the use of ropes and cords, even if the two volumes of this Handbook may come up as prime references. Much technical detail can be found on the websites of rope, cordage, and net manufacturers. 

Ropes and cords made from polypropylene can be produced as a single strand. However, the properties of such cordage would reflect the properties of the bulk material rather than the properties of combined small fibers. It would become britde when cold, overly stretchy when warm, and subject to failure by impact shock. Combined fibers, although stUl subject to the effects of heat, cold, and impact shock, overcome many of these properties as the individual fibers act to support each other and provide superior resistance. 

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