Teratogenicity copper

Grossly elevated concentrations of dissolved copper produce teratogenicity in fish embryos. A significant number of malformed fish larvae came from eggs treated with 500 pg Cu/L (Birge and Black 1979). In studies with laboratory animals and elevated concentrations of copper salts, copper penetrates the placental barrier into the fetus intramuscular injection of 4 mg Cu/kg BW early in pregnancy adversely affects fetal central nervous system development (Aaseth and Norseth 1986). In humans, no definitive data are available on whether copper can cause birth defects however, incubation of human spermatozoa with metallic copper results in loss of sperm motility (Aaseth and Norseth 1986). 

SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. An experimental teratogen. See also COPPER COMPOUNDS. 

SAFETY PROFILE Confirmed carcinogen with carcinogenic data reported. Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. A skin irritant. Human mutation data reported. Animal experiments suggest somewhat lower toxicity than for related epoxy compounds. Readily absorbed through the skin. Causes nervous excitation followed by depression. Explodes when heated or in the presence of strong acids, bases, metals (e.g., copper, zinc), and metal salts (e.g., aluminum chloride, iron(III) chloride, tin(TV) chloride). When heated to... 

Because of its nephrotoxicity causing the Itai-Itai disease in humans, its teratogenic effects, its interactions with iron, copper and zinc, and its potentially existing can-cerogenic effects, cadmium (Cd) belongs to... 

Mason RW, Edwards IR and Fisher IC (1989) Teratogenicity of combinations of sodium dichromate, sodium arsenate and copper sulphate in the rat. Comp Biochem Physiol C 93 407-411. 

The toxic effects of cadmiun are further manifested by a negative action on the metabolism of iron, copper and zinc which results in a deficiency of these metals with relevant disturbances. Cadmium also exerts teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects [10]. 

Cu/kg DW, and, in rainbow trout, a zinc copper ratio in gill or opercle >1.5. However, the proposed maximum water concentration range of 12.0-43.0 xg Cu/L exceeds the 5.0-10.0 xg/L range that is lethal or teratogenic to sensitive species of fishes and amphibians and overlaps the 18.0-28.0 xg/L range that inhibits growth and ability to discriminate prey for other species. Some scientists state that laboratory studies tend to overestimate the adverse effects of copper on freshwater abundance and diversity and suggest more research... 

Toxicology ACGIH TLV/TWA 10 ppm LD50 (oral, rat) 156 mg/kg, (subcut., mouse) 1150 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) 277 mg/kg poison by ing., skin contact, IP mod. toxic by subcut. severe human skin irritant can cause dermatitis corrosive human mutagenic data experimental teratogen, reproductive effects TSCA listed Precaution Flamm. liq. dangerous fire hazard exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers corrosive to copper and copper alloys, aluminum, zinc, and... 

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