Copper salts oxidizing properties

General Properties of Compounds of Nickel.—Nickel usually behaves as a divalent element. Its salts when anhydrous are yellow in colour. They can usually be obtained in various stages of hydration, in which condition they axe usually green, and frequently yield series of double salts, analogous in physical properties and in chemical constitution to many double salts obtainable with divalent iron. Like copper salts, those of nickel readily unite with ammonia. Like ferrous salts they absorb nitric oxide, but without change of colour.1... 

Oxidative coupling was used for the synthesis of some stabilizers having properties of AO or FR. Products of oxidation of 4,4 -isopropylidenebis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol with pota ium ferricyanide [151] or of 4,4 -thiobis(2-rcr/-butyl-5-methylphenol) with oxygen in the presence of copper salts [152] (118) were tested as AO. Thermostable fireproofing additives containing 1 to 4 bromine atoms on a phenolic moiety and designed for the stabilization of thermoplastics, e.g. 119, were prepared by oxidative coupling of brominated phenols [153]. 

Oxidizability is a chemical property characteristic of aldehyde functions. The aldehyde function of glucose makes it capable of reducing copper salts, and this property is widely used to assay sugars. Furthermore, many aldehydes oxidize to form carboxylic acid with oxidizing agents as weak as silver oxide ... 

The chemical properties of the polypeptides depend greatly on their complexity. Like amino acids, all the ordinary polypeptides, when their solutions are boiled with precipitated copper oxide, give blue, sometimes blue-violet solutions, and in this way differ from the diketo-piperazines, whose solutions remain colourless, t.e., they do not give copper salts. Leucyl-proline forms again an exception. 

The conjugated polymer complexes composed of polyanilines or polypyrroles are performed to afford the redox systems depending on their structnres and redox properties. As mentioned in the Sect. 3.2, the complexation with copper salts can affect the redox properties of polyanilines to form the reversible redox cycle [17]. The conjugated polymer complex can serve as an oxidation catalyst [18,20,23,24], wherein the coordination of the QD moiety might play an important role in a reversible redox processes of the complexes. Polyanilines or polypyrroles are effectively employed as a redox-active ligand in the Wacker reaction as mentioned in Sect. 3.2. 

Many of the salts which have been prepared are explosive and sensitive to heat or impact. These include chlorites of copper (violent on impact), hydrazine (monochlorite, inflames when dry), nickel (explodes at 100°C but not on impact), silver (at 105° or on impact), sodium, tetramethylammonium, mercury, thallium and lead (which shows detonator properties). Several other chlorites not isolated and unstable in solution include mono-, di- and tri-methylammonium chlorites. The metal salts are powerful oxidants [1], Chlorites are much less stable than the corresponding chlorates, and most will explode under shock or on heating to around 100°C [2], Individually indexed compounds are ... 

The oxidation of a series of alkyl and aryl thiols in aqueous alkaline solution has been studied in the presence of various metal ions. Quantitative amounts of disulfide were produced in all cases. The oxidation rate of thiols has been found to be affected by the geometric size and electron-directing properties of substituent groups in the organic chains of the thiols. The best three catalysts, when added as simple salts, have been found to be copper, cobalt, and nickel. The dependence of the rates of oxidation on the concentrations of reactants have been investigated in some detail. 

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