Mining copper

Before scmbbing procedures were estabUshed for copper ore, most of the rhenium was lost as the volatile (Re202). A small portion, perhaps 10%, was retained in flue dust, which was processed to give the metal. A commercial flotation (qv) process for the recovery of the molybdenite by-product is available that permits a high recovery of molybdenum and rhenium. This process is used at the Caridad copper mine in Mexico. 

Zambia Kennecott Corp., Salt Lake City, Utah Phelps Dodge Refining Corp., El Paso, Tex. Zambia ConsoHdated Copper Mines Ltd., Kalulushi... 

In Zambia, having a production second only to Zaire, cobalt is mined by Nchanga ConsoHdated Copper Mines Ltd. (NCOM) and Roan Consohdated Ltd. (ROM). The cobalt minerals found there include minnaeite, carroUite, and cobaltiferrous pyrite. 

In spite of low copper contents, massive horizontal development renders porphyry deposits amenable to large-scale production methods. Porphyry deposits are associated with igneous activity and intmsion of molten rocks into cooler parts of the earth s cmst, often in connection with the formation of mountains. Erosion of mountainous areas exposes these deposits to weathering, and, under the right conditions, enables the formation of oxidized or secondary copper deposits. Copper mines in the United States are Usted in Table 2. 

Revenues from low grade copper mines are also gained from such by-products as molybdenum [7439-98-7] silver, gold, selenium [7782-49-2] and tellurium [13494-80-9],... 

D. H. Davidson, R. E. Weeks, and J. P. Edwards, Generic In Situ Copper Mine Design Manual, 5 vols., available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va., 1988. 

Slides Map of World (to illustrate strategic factors) open-cast copper mine (to emphasise energy needed to extract ores) recycling of scrap metals, glass, building materials, etc. 

Figure 8-2. The Chuquicamata copper mine is iocated in the Atacama desert in Chiie.

Some fugitive particulate emissions occur around copper mines, concentrating, and smelting facilities, but the greatest concern is with emissions from the ore preparation, smelting, and refining processes. Table 30-9 gives the emissions of SO2 from the smelters. 

On his return home in 1911, Honda was appointed professor of physies at the new Tohoku Imperial University in Sendai, in the north of Japan this institution had been established only in 1906, when the finance minister twisted the arm of an industrialist who had made himself unpopular because of pollution eaused by his copper mines and extracted the necessary funds to build the new university. A provisional institute of physical and chemical research was initiated in 1916, divided into a part devoted to novel plastics and another to metals. This proved to be Honda s lifetime domain he assembled a lively team of young physicists and chemists. In the same year, Honda invented a high-cobalt steel also containing tungsten and chromium, which had by far the highest coercivity of any permanent-magnet material then known. He called it KS steel, for K. Sumitomo, one of his sponsors, and it made Honda famous. 

In 1955 it was discovered that mixtures of ammonium nitrate and fine coal dust have satisfactory blasting capabilities in large (9 inch) holes used in open-pit coal mines to remove the rock and soil covering the coal. Polyethylene bags containing this material deform to fit the hole and provide moderate water resistance. ANFO is used in open-pit iron and copper mines and for construction such as road building. The mixture is air blown into 2-inch holes or less m maiiv underground mines. 

An open-pit copper mine. This mine in Bingham Canyon, Utah, is 4 km in diameter and 0.8 km deep. It is the largest human-created hole on Earth. 

Octet rule The principle that bonded atoms (except H) tend to have a share in eight valence electrons, 166-171 exceptions to, 172-176 molecular geometry and, 181t molecular orbitals and, 650 Octyl acetate, 596t Open-pit copper mine, 540 Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 523 Optical isomer Isomer which rotates the... 

Bambic DG, Alpers CN, Green PG, Fanellid E, Silo WK (2006) Seasonal and spatial patterns of metals at a restored copper mine site. I. Stream copper and zinc. Environ Poll 144 774... 

Figure 1.170. Diagram showing the octahedral composition of chlorites from the subvolcanrc hydrothermal deposits, propylite, and Kuroko deposits in Japan (Nakamura, 1970). Chlorite occurring as a gangue mineral in the subvolcanic hydrothermal deposits Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Chlorite from the Ashio copper mine. Nos. 5, 6, and 7 Chlorite from the Kishu mine. No. 8 Chlorite from the Arakawa mine. Nos. 9 and 10 Chlorite from the Ani mine. No. 11 Chlorite from the Osarizawa mine. Chlorite from the so-called propylite No. 12 Chlorite from the Yugashima mine. No. 13 Chlorite from the Budo mine. Chlorite from the Kuroko deposits No. 14 Chlorite from the Wanibuchi mine.

Nakamura, T. (1960) On chlorite from the Ashio copper mine, Japan. Mineral. J., 4, 383-397. 

Nakamura, T. (1970) Mineral zoning and characteristic minerals in the polymetallic veins of the Ashio copper mine. In Tatsumi, T. (ed.), Volcanism and Ore Genesis. Tokyo U. Tokyo Press, pp. 231-246. 

Mariko, T. (1984) Sub-seafloor hydrothermal alteration of basalt, diabase and the Shimokawa copper mining area, Hokkaido, Japan. Mining Geology, 34, 307-322. 

Chiaradia M, Gulson BL, MacDonald K. 1997. Contamination of houses by workers occupationally exposed in a lead-zinc-copper mine and impact on blood lead concentrations in the families. Occup Environ Med 54(2) 117-124. 

Laurinolli, M. and L.I. Bendell-Young. 1996. Copper, zinc and cadmium concentrations in Peromyscus maniculatus sampled near an abandoned copper mine. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 30 481-486. 

Liver, gall bladder, kidney Shorebirds Chile November 1981-March 1982 near abandoned copper mine liver vs. stomach contents 11-15 DW 137... 

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