Copper ions, interactions with

In Silico Simulation of Silver and Copper Ions Interacting with... 

IN SILICO SIMULATION OF SILVER AND COPPER IONS INTERACTING WITH FUNGAL CELL WALL... 

It is now pertinent to consider more deeply the interaction of Ag with thiols. It has long been realized that heavy metal ions interact with cell membrane-associated enzymes [15, 36, 37, 85-105] such metals include mercury, silver, copper and lead. The thiol group derived from cysteine residues is essential for the activity of many enzymes [102] many metals and biocides interact with this essential group in some way. These include the following interactions with RSH [99, 102] ... 

A unique type of corrosion referred to as copper by-product release, cuprosolvency, or blue water occurs in potable water systems constructed of copper tubing, and has been reported worldwide [92-95]. The problem is most often attributed to EPS induced metal concentration cells. The condition is characterized by the release of copper as fine particles in plumbing systems distributing soft water in the neutral or neutral-alkaline pH range. Water may contain between 5 to 300 ppm copper (as Cu +) as finely suspended precipitates. A bacterial biofilm and associated acidic EPS bind copper ions at the metal surface and alter the porosity of the oxide film [96]. Geesey and coworkers [97] characterized binding of an acidic polysaccharide to thin copper films and su ested a cupric ion interaction with carboxyl groups on EPS. These interactions promoted ionization of metallic... 

Many of the early studies on gold arose from alchemy, in which people attempted to turn cheap metals, such as lead, into gold. Alchemists discovered that gold can be dissolved in a 3 I mixture of concentrated hydrochloric and nitric acids, known as aqua regia ( royal vrater ). The action of the nitric acid on gold is similar to that on copper (Equation 4.31) in that the nitrate ion, rather than H, oxidizes the metal to Au . The Cl ions interact with Au " to form highly stable AuCl4 ions. The net ionic equation is... 

Mukherjee, G.N. and Ghosh, X.K. (1991) Metal ion interaction with some antibiotic drugs of penicillin family. I. Equilibrium study on the complex formation of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) with 6-aminopeniciIlanic acid. J. Indian Chem. Soc., 68, 194-196. 

Interestingly, the rate constants for Diels-Alder reaction of the ternary complexes with 3.9 are remarkably similar. Only with 2,2 -bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline as ligands, a significant change in reactivity is observed. It might well be that the inability of these complexes to adopt a planar geometry hampers the interaction between the copper ion and the dienophile, resulting in a decrease of the rate of the catalysed Diels-Alder reaction. 

Tu, A.T., Friedrich CG Interaction of copper ion with guanosine and related compounds, Biochemistry, 7,4367,1968. 

Chemical bonds can have covalent character, and EPR spectroscopy is an excellent tool to study covalency An unpaired electron can be delocalized over several atoms of a molecular structure, and so its spin S can interact with the nuclear spins /, of all these atoms. These interactions are independent and thus afford additive hyperfine patterns. An unpaired electron on a Cu2+ ion (S = 1/2) experiences an / = 3/2 from the copper nucleus resulting in a fourfold split of the EPR resonance. If the Cu is coordinated by a... 

Most solvents have unshared pairs of electrons, and they are polar. Therefore, they have the ability to attach to metal ions or interact with anions. As a result, when many solids crystallize from solutions, they have included a definite number of solvent molecules. When this occurs in water, we say that the crystal is a hydrate. An example of this is the well-known copper sulfate pentahydrate,... 

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