Copper evaporation data

Examples of this procedure for dilute solutions of copper, silicon and aluminium shows the widely different behaviour of these elements. The vapour pressures of the pure metals are 1.14 x 10, 8.63 x 10 and 1.51 x 10 amios at 1873 K, and the activity coefficients in solution in liquid iron are 8.0, 7 X 10 and 3 X 10 respectively. There are therefore two elements of relatively high and similar vapour pressures, Cu and Al, and two elements of approximately equal activity coefficients but widely differing vapour pressures. Si and Al. The right-hand side of the depletion equation has the values 1.89, 1.88 X 10- , and 1.44 X 10 respectively, and we may conclude that there will be depletion of copper only, widr insignificant evaporation of silicon and aluminium. The data for the boundaty layer were taken as 5 x lO cm s for the diffusion coefficient, and 10 cm for the boundary layer thickness in liquid iron. 

Nitromalonamide was synthesized according to Hantzsch [10]. Single crystals were grown by evaporation from a methoxy-ethanol solution. The crystal used for data collection was glued to a few carbon fibres stuck on a copper wire for better thermal... 

Crystal data are available for the salts KAg(CN)23,4 and K3Ag(CN)4.s These salts were isolated by evaporation at room temperature of aqueous solutions containing KCN and AgCN in appropriate molar ratios. K3Ag(CN)4 was anhydrous (not hydrated as originally proposed)6 and isomorphous with the corresponding copper salt. The dicyanoargentate(I) ion was found to be linear, with an Ag—C distance of 213 pm. KAg(CN)2 has UV absorption bands at 236 and 270 nm.7... 

Zinc acetate, Zn(ac)2, was often used for CVD [66, 213, 220, 221] and particularly as a source in spray pyrolysis [222-234]. Kobayashi et al. [66] measured the temperature dependent evaporation rate in the range of 120-180 °C. Their data yield an enthalpy of evaporation for this complex of 86 16 kJ/mol. A very careful study of the deposition on ZnO on copper with Zn(ac)2 by Mar and coworkers [235] showed that temperatures higher than 350 °C are necessary to obtain a complete transformation to ZnO. Furthermore, they suggest that the deposition process in their system does not occur via island growth. 

Simplicity, rapidity, and specificity have caused adoption of atomic absorption as a standard method in water analysis. Often solutions must be concentrated prior to measurement. Freezing, evaporation, ion exchange, and solvent extraction techniques have been reported. This paper describes a method for concentrating ferric iron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and methyl isobutyl ketone. Data shows increase in sensitivity caused by (1) concentrating effect of extraction, and (2) choice of the ketone solvent in preference to water. Recovery data on various industrial waters indicate that the method is reliable, reproducible, and accurate. 

Allylic aryl ethers (0.20 mmol) and ft/s-(pinacolato)diboron (56 mg, 0.22 mmol) were dissolved in Et20 (1 mL). Na-0-/-Bu (6 mg, 0.060 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was then cooled to -55 °C and MeOH (18 pL, 0.40 mmol) was added. After 5 min, the 6-NHC copper catalyst 89b, R = /-Bu (1.2 mg, 0.0020 mmol) was added. After complete consumption of the allylic aryl ether, the reaction mixture was filtered through silica gel and washed with Et20. The filtrate was concentrated under rotary evaporator. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography (hexane Et20) to afford the desired product. Absolute configurations were determined by comparison with known data. 

Find out how much heat is needed to evaporate one mole of water out of the pentahydrate of copper sulfate, using the table of thermochemical data on page 69. 

Having derived general theoretical formulae for the probability distribution function dPy,n (equations (3.30), (3.33) and (3.34)) in the following we present the results of a statistical analysis of the distances between clusters formed on a flat electrode surface. Several authors have performed such experimental studies in different experimental systems silver [3.36-3.38], lead [3.39-3.41], mercury [3.42] and gold [3.43] on glassy carbon, copper on evaporated silver [3.44] and mercury on platinum [3.31, 3.45]. Here we comment upon the data reported in Ref. [3.38]. 

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