Copper complexes organo

Amides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, trichlorfon, fluorines and organo-copper complexes have been determined in seawater (Table 4.2). 

The direct replacement of both chlorine atoms from p- or o-dichloro-benzene is very difficult, and a satisfactory process has not as yet been developed. A high ammonia ratio and 40-50 per cent ammonia are desirable. The presence of cuprous copper in quantities sufficient to form an organo copper complex is helpful. The difficulty in effecting the am-monolysis of dichlorobenzenes is attributed to the establishment of an equilibrium after the formation of a monoamine and to the change in the pH of the aminating solution due to the concentration of HCl or NH4CI. 

Organo-copper complexes group Copper resinate Verdigris Eikema Hommes (1998) Eikema Hommes (2002) 107... 

Organo-copper complexes and related compounds copper-oil complexes (with oil from Juglans regia ( Walnut ), Linum usitatissimum ( Linseed ) and Papaversomniferum ( Poppy )) copper oleate copper-protein complexes copper-resin complexes. 

For a fuller discussion, see organo-copper complexes group. 

Unstandardised term used to refer to potentially complex organo-metaUic compounds formed between copper and fatty-acid containing materials such as oils and waxes (Scott, 2002). 

The reaction of benzothiazole with / -iodonitrobenzene at 200 °C in the presence of cuprous oxide gives a 72% yield of 2-(p-nitrophenyl)benzothiazole. 2-(/>-Methoxyphenyl)thiazole and 2,2 -bibenzothiazolyl may be prepared similarly. Whilst suggesting the organo-copper compound (1 R = Cu) as a probable intermediate, the authors have also considered the possibility of a copper-complexed carbene as an intermediate. 

Triethylphosphine-a-cyclopentadienylcopper, (Et3P)Cu-light petroleum with Et3P is one of the most stable copper-a-organo complexes known apart from alkynyl derivatives. The colourless crystals, m.p. 127-128 °C, are not hydrolysed by water but give cyclopentadiene on treatment with acids. The complex is formulated as a a-cyclopentadienyl derivative, primarily on the basis of infrared evidence [161]. 

The conversion of ethylene to acetaldehyde using a soluble palladium complex, developed in the late 1950s, was one of the early applications of homogeneous catalysis and the first organo-palladium reaction practised on an industrial scale [40], Typically this reaction requires stoichiometric amounts of CuCl under aerobic conditions. The use of copper represents not only an environmental issue, but often limits the scope of ligands that can be used in conjunction with Pd. 

There is no evidence that reaction (61) takes place at a measurable rate under ambient conditions, but it is rapid in the presence of aquo-complexes and some organo-complexes of copper ions via reactions (62) and (63) ... 

Approximate contents of 14 minor and trace elements in oils produced from three coals by the catalytic hydrogenation process of Gulf Research and Development Co. were determined by emission spectroscopy. The results were compared with corresponding data for the original coals and the solid residues from the process. The contents of ash, sulfur, vanadium, lead, and copper are near or below the limits specified for an oil to be fired directly in a gas turbine while sodium and probably calcium are too high. Titanium appears to be somewhat enriched in the oils analyzed relative to other elements, suggesting its presence in organo-metallic complexes. 

The zinc organo-lialide is prepared for use by heating together the zinc-copper couple, the alkyl or aiyl halide, ethyl acetate, and toluene for about an hour, the reaction being started if necessary with a ciystal of iodine. All the reagents must be well dried, and the colomdess viscous liquid which results is ntilised by adding to it the acid chloride dissolved in toluene, and when the required amount has been added the intermediate zinc complex is decomposed by the addition of dilute sulphuric acid.1... 

Although there are numerous examples of dimerizations of organo-metallic reagents by copper(II) salts, one particularly interesting example concerns 2,2 -dilithiobiphenyl 304). Wittig and Klar have proposed several transient copper(II) ate complexes and a stable copper(I) complex to account for the high yields of biphenylene and o-tetraphenyl-ene. Diarylcopper(II) compounds were supposedly isolated, and characterized by elemental analysis, from diarylmercury compounds and copper at 120°C 11, 197) an unlikely reaction. 

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