Cooling, by water

Rotational Molding. Hodow articles and large, complex shapes are made by rotational mol ding, usuady from polyethylene powder of relatively low viscosity (57—59). The resin is in the form of a fine powder. A measured quantity is placed inside an aluminum mold and the mold is heated in an oven and rotated at low speed. The resin sinters and fuses, coating the inside of the mold. The mold is then cooled by water spray and the part solidifies, dupHcating the inside of the mold. 

After leaving the casting machine, the slab is cooled by water sprays to 180—240°C and fed into the mill, which is generally of the four-high roU type, where a 60% reduction is taken in one pass. The strip is then coiled and, when the casting mn has been completed, is fed back through the mill and roUed at a temperature of 80—90°C, with a reduction up to 50%, to give the required final thickness, finish, and properties. 

Beyond the complexities of the dispersive element, the equipment requirements of infrared instrumentation are quite simple. The optical path is normally under a purge of dry nitrogen at atmospheric pressure thus, no complicated vacuum pumps, chambers, or seals are needed. The infrared light source can be cooled by water. No high-voltage connections are required. A variety of detectors are avail-... 

Class A fire Wood, cloth, paper or similar combustible material Cooling by water most effective Most suitable Small fires only Small fires only Yes Small fires only No, except for personal clothing on fire No... 

In a batch reaction plant, an exothermic reaction was cooled by water circulating in a jacket. The circulating pump failed and the reactor went out of control causing a violent explosion. A low flow alarm was present but was inoperable. A critical pump bearing had not been lubricated during maintenance, and the collapse of the bearing had led to the pump failure. 

Janssen, E., S. Levy, and J. A. Kervinen, 1963, Investigation of Burnout—Internally Heated Annulus Cooled by Water at 600 to 1450 psia, ASME Paper 63-WA-149, ASME Annual Meeting. (5) Janssen, E., F. A. Schraub, R. B. Nixon, B. Matzner, and J. F. Casterline, 1969, Sixteen-Rod Heat Flux Investigation, Steam-Water at 600 to 1250 psia, ASME Paper, Winter Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA. (5)... 

It collides with the gas communicating a large downward momentum to the gas molecules. The top jet operates at the lowest pressure. The body of the pump is typically cooled by water or air. When the vapour reaches the cooled walls, it condenses back into a fluid which drops into the pump boiler for reboiling. 

Manganese also is produced by electrolysis of fused salt. In one such process, the reduced MnO is blended to molten calcium fluoride and lime. The latter is used to neutralize silica in the ore. The fused composition of these salts is electrolyzed at 1,300°C in an electrolytic cell made up of high temperature ceramic material, using a carbon anode and a cathode consisting of iron bars internally cooled by water. 

Fig. XIV. p. 93, is interesting it is an apparatus for rectifying spirits, by distilling, and liquefying only the most volatile portions of the distillate. The spirituous liquor was heated, and the vapours caused to traverse a long zigzag tube, wherein the less volatile portions condensed to liquid, which flowed back into the vessel the vapour then passed into another vessel, and then through a second zigzag tube, and was finally cooled by water, and the condensed liquid collected. This apparatus was the forerunner of that used to-day, for effecting the separation of liquids which boil at different temperatures, by the process called fractional distillation.

Fig. 9.4.10 Apparatus for the gas flow-arc plasma method. The apparatus is composed of two components. The upper part is a glass Dewar, which accumulates small particles in a cryogenic matrix on the trim cooled with liquid nitrogen (LN). Sorv, inlet of organic vapor Syr, syringe for transferring produced colloids under anaerobic conditions RP, rotary pump S, target sample. Lower part is for plasma discharge. A BN furnace has gas inlets (G) and is specially designed for Ar gas to flow in screwed stream hence the plasma is emitted in a jet flame due to a plasma pinch effect. The black parts are copper electrodes cooled by water. In order to maintain a constant spacing between the surface of sample and tbe upper electrode, the sample position can move vertically so that the current through the sample to the upper electrode is precisely controlled and constant. This is very important to produce powders with a narrow size distribution.

The carbon arc apparatus is shown schematically in Figure 10.2.2. The reaction chamber, which is usually made of stainless steel, is connected to vacuum pumps and a gas supply line through valves. The front of the chamber has an observation window to enable monitoring the arc discharge (19). Electrodes, mounted on the end flanges, are supported horizontally. Alternatively, the electrodes can be fixed vertically (20). The electrodes and chamber walls can be cooled by water-cooling devices if necessary. 

The simplest example is the batch distillation, conducted in an apparatus such as used in the laboratories. It consists of a flask (or retort), connected to a condenser (cooled by water or air), and a receiving... 

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