Conus textile

Figure 6 Venomous marine cone snails, (a) Geography cone Conus geographus (Public domain)) (b) Queen Victoria cone [Conus victoriae)-, (c) cloth of gold cone [Conus textile), (d) marble cone [Conus marmoreus (Public domain)) (e) closing view of proboscis with toxoglossan cone snail (f) microscope picture of toxoglossan from Conus consors. Photos (b), (c), (e),...

Rigby AC, Lucas-Meunier E, Kalume DE, Czerwiec E, Hambe B, Dahlqvist I, Fossier P, Baux G, Roepstorff P, Baleja JD, Furie BC, Furie B, Stenflo J (1999) A Conotoxin from Conus textile with Unusual Posttranslational Modifications Reduces Presynaptic Ca+2 Influx. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 5758... 

Kalume DE, Stenflo J, Czerwiec E, Hambe B, Furie BC, Furie B, Roepstorff P (2000) Structure Determination of Two Conotoxins from Conus textile by a Combination of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Biochemical Methods. J Mass Spectrom 35 145... 

Czerwiec E, Kalume DE, Roepstorff P, Hambe B, Furie B, Furie BC, Stenflo J (2006) Novel y-Carboxyglutamic Acid-Containing Peptides from the Venom of Conus textile. FEBS J 273 2779... 

P-superfamily Tx9a GC-NNSCQ7HSDC7SHCICTFRG-CGAVN Conus textile m TBD... 

A hunting cone snail (Conus textile). Currently, more than 2,000 species are known. They occur in every ocean in the World. From the phylogenetic viewpoint, cone snails have a strikingly broad spectrum of prey. This stretches from other snails via worms to fish. Each species has its own toxins, consisting of diverse cocktails of up to 200 (from a pool of ca. 50,000) different neuroactive peptides, some of which can also be dangerous to humans. 

Kobayashi, J., Y. Ohizumi, H. Nakamura, and Y. Hirata Pharmacological Study on the Venom of the Marine Snail Conus textile. Toxicon 19, 757 (1981). 

B. C., and Stenflo, J. (2006) Novel y-carboxyglutamic acid-containing peptides from the venom of Conus textile. FEES J., 273, 2779-2788. 

Contryphans from Conus textile venom ducts. Toxicon, 39, 803-808. 

Jimenez, E.C., Watkins, M., Juszczak, L.J., Cruz, L.J., and Olivera, B.M. (2001) Contryphans from Conus textile venom duds. Toocicon, 39, 803-808. 

Figure 5. Anlytical HPLC separation of 300 pg venom peptides (A) and 10 ml conditioned water (B) from Conus textile. Details on preparation of the substances are given in the legend to Fig. 4. Separations were performed on an analytical CIS reverse phase column (Vydac wide pore, 4.6 x 250 mm, 5 pm particle size) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Substances were loaded on the column in aqueous 0.1% tri-fluoroacetic acid (TFA) and eluted with a linear gradient of 0-60% acetonitrile in 0.1% aqueous TFA in 0-60 minutes. On-line detection and spectral analysis was performed with a Hewlett-Packard diode array detector. The spectrum of the main peak obtained from the CW (B) is not identical to those of any of the venom derived peptides (A) that are eluted at similar times from the column (not shown). Attempts to isolate the active component(s) of Conus textile CW on reverse phase cartridge columns and Amicon filters were not successful, due to loss of the biological activity.

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