Control and Optimisation

Egly et al. (1979) considered the minimum time optimisation problem using a detailed dynamic process model (Type V) but no details were given regarding the input and kinetic data of the problem. 

Sorensen and Skogestad (1994) developed control strategies for BREAD processes by repetitive simulation strategy using a simple model in SPEEDUP package. Wilson and Martinez (1997) developed EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) based composition estimator to control BREAD processes. The estimator was found to be quite robust and was able to estimate composition within acceptable accuracy, even in the face of process/model mismatches. Balasubramhanya and Doyle III 

Mujtaba and Macchietto (1992, 1994, 1997) and Wajge and Reklaitis (1999) developed optimisation strategies for BREAD processes. Walsh et al. (1995) included in their work, the effect of uncertain model parameters on the design of operating procedures of BREAD processes. 

In this chapter some of the published work in BREAD process optimisation will be presented in detail. Note that although formation of azeotropes is quite common in reactive distillation, such situation is not considered in this book. Readers are directed to Van Dongen and Doherty (1985), Bemot et al. (1991) and Diwekar (1991) regarding this. 

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Modelling Approach Establish a model and design experiments to determine the model parameters. Compare the model behaviour with the experimental measurements. Use the model for rational design, control and optimisation. 

The third contribution is particularly devoted to the concept of so-called single source precursors (SSPs). SSPs contain all the atoms of the different elements necessary for the deposition of the desired material in one single molecule. One motivation for using this concept is to simplify the accompanying gas-phase reactions and thus reduce the process parameters to be controlled and optimised. However, SSPs may offer a unique chance of depositing metastable materials that cannot be derived by other methods. M. Veith and S. Mathur provide such an example in their paper entitled Single-Source-Precursor CVD Alkoxy and Siloxy Aluminum Hydrides . 

Wittgens et al. (1996), Skogestad et al. (1997) and Furlong et al. (1999) used MultiBD columns for simulation, control and optimisation studies. 

Noeres, C. Dadhe, K. Gesthuisen, R. Engell, S. Gorak, A. Model-based design, control and optimisation of catalytic distillation processes. Chem. Eng. Process. 2004, 43, 421-434. 

Falk L., Villermaux J., Numerical scale-up and deagn ofhy -efficiency mixers for control and optimisation of the yield and sdectivity in diemical reactors, Appl. Thermal Engng. 17 (1997) 8-10, p. 845-859... 

The versatile performance of nanofibre materials is the result of the choice, control and optimisation of nanofibre properties in the course of production, and they characterise the various means of fabrication, as discussed in the following. 

Further improvements of furnace yield can be obtained through tight control and optimisation of ... 

Batch processes are inherently dynamic and more difficult to monitor, control and optimise than steady state, continuous processes. Quality control of the product in a dynamic process is more difficult to achieve. Also, process safety is more difficult to achieve in a dynamic system than in continuous production. 

The complexity of the flow in twin-screw extruders, as well as the large number of parameters and interrelated variables that affect the flow, make this process difficult to understand, control, and optimise. 

Foti, D., Nobile, R. (2000). Characterization tests of new aluminium and steel energy dissipating devices. 5th International Conference on Computational Structures Technology Identification, Control and Optimisation of Engineering Structures. Leuven, Belgium Civil-Comp Press. 

Ndof > 0 the available manipulated variables are more than the controlled variables and the process can be controlled and optimised. Proceed with the next steps. 

Fig. 2.19 CARBOFLEX - continuous carbon control and optimising system on a pusher furnace.

Solid-state NMR as a process-control technique Relatively simple spectrometers, capable of a limited amount of experiments only, are gradually being introduced in industrial plants in order to control and optimise processes such as the production of polymeric materials, catalytic processes and combustion (see Chp. 7.2.6). 

At the same time we bagan to develop senior level courses in process control and optimisation which again reflected a research interest that was growing under two new faculty members, Dr. H.W. Kropholler and Dr. D.J. Spikins. 

This work is part of the EU FP5 OPTICORR project ( Optimisation of in-service performance of boiler steels by modelling high temperature corrosion ), which aims at the control and optimisation of in-service performance of boiler materials and the development of simulation tools for high temperature corrosion and oxidation of boiler steels under operating conditions. An overview of the whole project work is given by Heikinheimo et al. [11]. Parts of the... 

The Preparation of Higher Molecular Weight Bisphenol A Epoxy Resins The molecular weight and EEW can be controlled and optimised by varying the ratio of liquid resin to DPP. The molecular weight (MW), and epoxy equivident weight (EEW, or WPE, weight per epoxy) can be calculated and manufactured to individual requirements... 

The modification of the bis-sulphur silane solutions with corrosion inhibitors and/ or nanoparticles can be an effective way to improve both corrosion protection and durability of the silane coatings. The concentration of additives needs to be controlled and optimised, since the excess of additives may adversely affect the barrier properties. 

A brief report is presented on the MixCont Quality Management System, a comprehensive approach for quality control and optimisation of rubber mixing. Information is provided on the data needed for optimisation of rubber compormd production and the MixCont control module for rubber compormd optimisation. 

Rolland O, Griffe L, Poupot M, Maraval A, Ouali A, Coppel Y, Foumie JJ, Bacquet G, Turrin CO, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Poupot R (2008) Tailored control and optimisation of the number of phosphonic acid termini on phosphoms-containing dendrimers for the ex vivo activation of human monocytes. Chem Eur J 14 4836-4850... 

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