Contracts estimates with

The Project Manager and the Contract Engineer must have a good understanding of the scope and the cost of the work in order to evaluate bidders and analyze the bids. To do so, they need a good cost estimate with detailed or semi-detailed takeoffs. 

The equipment account and all civil accounts, as well as the Electrical Account and the Contract Engineering man-hours can be estimated with the respective semi-detailed procedures in Chapter 19. 

Both copolymers were cross-linked by copolymerization with (1-2%) ethylene dimethacrylate the effect of irradiation was followed by measuring the change of elastic retractive force at constant elongation. In the first case the contraction upon irradiation of the gel is mainly due to changes of chain conformation and swelling equilibrium induced by trans-cis photoisomerization. In the second case by comparing the retractive force for irradiated and unirradiated samples the heat effect was evaluated, and the photoinduced contraction estimated to 1%. 

A traditional assumption/guarantee contract C = (A, G) is composed of assumptions A and guarantees G, where a component offers the guarantees G if its assumptions A on its environment are satisfied [6]. As an illustrative and simplified example based on the system we presented in Section 2.1, we specify a contract for Estimator with assumptions that if both the fuel level and fuel rate are provided with sufficient accuracy. Estimator guarantees that the total estimated fuel level it provides will be with certain accuracy. 

Once the volume of raw material is set. the price must be estimated. In some studies, a captive source is available with a set transfer price. In other studies, contracts for raw materials will be far enough along to establish the price. However, in some studies, contacts with vendors and the literature is the only source of raw material prices. 

If utilities are supplied to the new project from some other source, the cost and amount must be determined. If purchased from a second party, the cost will be determined by contract and can be estimated by discussions with the vendor. If utilities are transferred from an affiliated source, the cost must include a profit to the supplying entity. Some estimators use a lower return on utility plants than on a new hydrocarbon processing unit, since the utility can be used for some alternate plant if the new one shuts down for any reason. However, the preferred analysis allows a high enough utility transfer price to provide the same return on the utilities as the new unit being studied. This can require a trial and error approach, especially if the utilities are a significant part of the selling price of the product. 

On resources The manpower, material, facilities, and plant needed to execute a particular contract shall be established, documented, and agreed with senior management prior to submission of any tender, bid, or offer. The estimate shall include the resources to manage and carry out the work required and in addition the resources required to verify that work has been completed in accordance with the contractual requirements. ... 

Taylor [648] has shown that the deceleratory decomposition of HgO is satisfactorily described by the contracting volume equation [eqn. (7), n = 3], Calculated values of E (162—201 kJ mole rise with increasing crystallite size and are somewhat greater than the enthalpy of dissociation (160 kJ mole 1). Since estimated values of A are consistent with the predictions of the Polanyi—Wigner equation, eqn. (19), it is concluded that breakdown involves the detachment of individual molecules rather than the unzipping of the long zig-zag polymeric —Hg—O— chains which constitute the reactant lattice. 

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