Continuous flow reactors surface

The use of glutaric dialdehyde as a coupling agent bound the enzymes trypsin or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to the surface. A large part of the enzymic activity was retained (Fig. 4), and the activity was such that the particle-enzyme conjugate could be used in laboratory scale continuous-flow reactors. 

The selective oxidation of primary alcohols is notoriously difficult to achieve selectively as further oxidation of the product to the respective carboxylic acid occurs rapidly, as depicted in Scheme 50. Wiles et al. (2006) therefore proposed that it should be possible to isolate either the aldehyde or the carboxylic acid, depending on the reaction times employed. To demonstrate this, the authors constructed a packed-bed reactor [3 mm (i.d.)x 5.0 cm (long)] containing silica-supported Jones reagent (0.15 g, 0.15 mmol), a Cr(VI)-based oxidant, and by exploiting the high surface to volume ratio obtained within continuous flow reactors, the... 

Another type of continuous flow reactor is found in industry the continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR), Fig. 7.2. Stirring of the reactor content might be necessary to increase the heat exchange with the surroundings or to maintain a heterogeneous catalyst in suspension. If more than one fluid phase is present in the reactor, stirring increases the contact surface area and, hence, the rate of mass transfer between these phases. 

By exploiting the high surface-to-volume ratio obtained within a packed-bed continuous flow reactor, Watts and co-workers [62] were able to oxidize selectively an array of primary alcohols to either the aldehyde or carboxylic acid, depending on the residence time employed, demonstrating a higher degree of reaction control unattainable in conventional stirred reactor vessels (Scheme 6.30). In addition to investigating a... 

In a continuous flow reactor, these quantities will, of course, again depend on the external parameters pi and T, as will be illustrated in the following with the example of ammonia oxidation on a Ru02(1 10) surface [34]. This Ostwald process is the basis for large-scale production of nitric acid that operates with platinum-based catalysts at temperatures >1000K where the rate... 

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