Glutaric dialdehyde

By these methods microorganisms are cross linked by chemical substances, e.g. by glutar-dialdehyde. The surfaces (especially the proteins) of microorganisms are linked with the... 

FIGURE 3 Scanning electron micrograph (1200x magnification) of the surface of a porous alumina particle coated with poly(diphenoxy-phosphazene). Surface nitration, reduction, and glutaric dialdehyde coupling immobilized enzyme molecules to the surface. (From Ref. 23.)... 

The use of glutaric dialdehyde as a coupling agent bound the enzymes trypsin or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to the surface. A large part of the enzymic activity was retained (Fig. 4), and the activity was such that the particle-enzyme conjugate could be used in laboratory scale continuous-flow reactors. 

Third, a poly[bis(phenoxy)phosphazene] has been coated on porous alumina particles, surface nitrated, reduced to the amino-derivative, and then coupled to the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or trypsin by means of glutaric dialdehyde. The immobilized enzymes were more stable than their counterparts in solution, and they could be used in continuous flow enzyme reactor equipment (25). 

Biological. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 1.31 g/g which is 58.7% of the ThOD value of 2.23 g/g. A Nocardia sp. isolated from soil was capable of transforming pyridine, in the presence of semicarbazide, into an intermediate product identified as succinic acid semialdehyde (Shukla and Kaul, 1986). 1,4-Dihydropyridine, glutaric dialdehyde, glutaric acid semialdehyde, and glutaric acid were identified as intermediate products when pyridine was degraded by Nocardiastiain Z1 (Watson and Cain, 1975). 

Lesion in bovine dentin with tubules protruding from degraded intertubular matrix (left degraded matrix right intact matrix). Demineralization in 0.1 M acetic acid pH 4.0, with subsequent exposure to bacterial collagenase. Fixed and demineralized with glutar-dialdehyde-acetic acid, post-fixed with osmium tetroxide ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate - lead citrate. 

Synonyms Cidex (2% alkaline glutaraldehyde aqueous solution) 1,5-pentanedial glutaric dialdehyde glutaral... 

Scheme 2.2.5.14 Formation of bicyclic sugars by single extension of a,co-dialdehydes upon attempted tandem addition to glutaric dialdehyde 38.

From prior attempts at FruA-catalyzed DHAP additions to glyoxal or glutaric dialdehyde no product had been isolated, probably because the dialdehydes can cause cross-linking of the protein and thereby irreversibly destroy its enzymatic activity. On the other hand, hydroxylated aldehydes were assumed to form stable intramolecular hemiacetals in aqueous solution, which may mask the reactivity of free dialdehydes. Using the branched-chain glutaric dialdehyde 38 as a potential precursor to carbon-linked disaccharide mimetics (Scheme 2.2.5.14), we... 

The so-called diphil sorbents fit into the class of protein-coated supports. In these phases, silica-modified particles are saturated with albumin, and the adsorbed and denatured protein layer is stabilized with glutaric dialdehyde (134). Due to their structure, these sorbents exhibit both hydrophilic and organophil (diphil) properties tliat give them their name. 

The best approach to unsubstituted 4//-pyran (5) is from glutaric dialdehyde and hydrogen chloride, which gives up to a 40% yield of 5. Intermediate 23 is not isolated.9,19,57 This procedure was successfully extended to the preparation of 4-methyl-4//-pyran.7... 

The first synthesis starting with glutaric dialdehydes and involving intermediates 42 succeeded in preparing unsubstituted 4//-thiopyran (7)19,24 as well as alkylated derivatives.7,90,91... 

The cyclization of glutaric dialdehyde or its 3-methyl homolog with hydrogen selenide in the presence of HC1 was found to be useful for the generation of simple 4//-selenopyrans 8 and 60.7,90... 

Pyridines are more susceptible to reduction than benzenes. Sodium in ethanol or in liquid ammonia evidently reduces pyridine to 1,4-dihydropyridine (or a tautomer) because hydrolysis of the reaction mixture affords glutaric dialdehyde (318 — 317 — 316). Reduction of pyridines with sodium and ethanol can proceed past the dihydro stages to A3-tetrahydropyridines and piperidines (318 — 319 and 320). 

A similar procedure was used for the heparinization of block copolymers composed of the poly-adduct of N,N -dimethyl-ethylenediamine and 1,4-bisacryloylpiperidine as a central block and of polystyrene as the end blocks 82). To enhance the stability of the material, heparin was crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde. The resultant HCP sustained a 6 month implantation into the dog s vena cava. 

Hydroxyl groups may also be introduced in the polymer by graft-copolymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate or glycidyl methacrylate, the latter being subsequently hydrolyzed 91). Heparin was immobilized on such hydroxyl-containing polymers by means of glutaric dialdehyde. The maximal amount of polymer-bound heparin was 80 ng/cm2. 

A. (lR,2r,3S)-2-Nitrocyclohexane-1,3-diol. A 1-L, round-bottomed flask, equipped with a magnetic stirrer, a thermometer and an ice/ethanol bath is charged with 175 mL (0.455 mol) of an aqueous 25% solution of glutaric dialdehyde, 38 mL (0.708 mol) of nitromethane and 600 mL of methanol (Note 1). At 0-5°C 12 mL of aqueous 2 M sodium hydroxide is added gradually. The cooling bath is removed and... 

Commercial grade chemicals were used without further purification. The glutaric dialdehyde solution should be fresh. 

Glutaric dialdehyde Glutaraldehyde (8) Pentanedial (9) (111-30-8) Nitromethane Methane, nitro- (8,9) (75-52-5)... 

Reduction of aromatic heterocyclic bases and their quaternary salts is of particular interest. Reduction of pyridine with lithium aluminum hydride gives the unstable 1,2-dihydro derivative,403 whereas sodium in 95% ethanol yields 1,4-dihydropyridine. The latter is readily hydrolyzed with the formation of glutaric dialdehyde.404 Reduction of pyridine and its homologs with sodium in butanol affords a mixture of saturated and unsaturated bases d3-piperideines are formed405 only from those pyridine homologs which possess alkyl groups in positions 3 and 4. Electrolytic reduction always gives a mixture of both bases.406 A3-Piperideines have been obtained by reduction with a mixture of lithium aluminum hydride and aluminum chloride.407... 

Glutaric dialdehyde, 1,2-isopropylidene-D-xyZo/urono-trihydroxy-, III, 54 Glutaric di(methylamide), nbo-trimeth-oxy-, I, 48, 50 Glutathione, V, 54 Glutosazone, III, 121 Glutose, III, 113-128 biochemistry of, III, 118... 

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