Contents 4 Secondary Lithium Batteries

Idemoto Y, Narai H, Koura N (2003) Crystal structure and cathode performance dependence on oxygen content of LiMni 5NI0.5O4 as a cathode material for secondary lithium batteries. J Power Sour 119-121 125-129... 

Not yet widely exploited, but with quite some potential for fine-tuning of properties certainly is the stepwise fluorination of oxides. With LiCo02 cathode material for use in lithium secondary batteries, addition of small amounts of LiF considerably improved electrochemical properties [350], However, further exploitation is needed to elucidate if improvements are due to improved particle size and crystallinity or also due to minor fluorine content of the material. Lithium batteries are discussed in consecutive Chapters 15 and 16. 

Also secondary battery systems exhibit a broad range of different rates of selfdischarge. Their values, however, are based on a 1-month period in contrast to primary systems (1-year period). Depending on system and construction typical values vary between 2% and 30% per month at ambient temperature. For the lead-acid system the values vary between 2% and 20% per month depending on antimony content and age. The lithium-ion system offers about 5% to 10% per month. Values in the range of 20% to 30% per month are observed for the nickel cadmium and the nickel metal hydride system. 

Idemoto Y, Narai H, Koura N (2002) Oxygen content and electrode characteristics of LiMni 5Nio.504 as a 5 V class cathode material for lithium secondary battery. Electrochemistry 70 587-589... 

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