Consumer-adoption process

Consumer-Adoption Process/Innovation-Adoption Model... 

Let us assume that the two products qj and q2 can be easily substituted and combined continuously within a country. It does not matter where the products sire produced, there are no transportation costs. The model should be focussed on the adoption process of an innovation competing against other innovation designs or against an established product. In this context the traditional consumer theory (the consumption of goods) and the Lancaster approach (the consumption of attribut( s)... 

Inclusion in Annex I is the prerequisite for the mutual recognition of authorizations between Member States. At the time Directive 91/414/EEC was adopted in 1991, there were over 800 a.i. authorized for use in the Member States. The goal was to evaluate these at Community level within 12 years. However, the resources necessary to carry out this exercise were not fully recognized when the legislation was adopted. Moreover, time-consuming decision procedures delay the review process. Up to February 2002, 15 existing a.i. and 13 new a.i. were listed in Annex I, whereas 19 a.i. were rejected (see also Table 1). There is clearly a lack of mutual recognition between Member States. 

Many of the quality improvement goals for implementation of PAT in the pharmaceutical industry have been achieved by companies in other industries, such as automobile production and consumer electronics, as a direct result of adopting principles of quality management. The lineage of modern quality management can be traced to the work of Walter Shewhart, a statistician for Bell Laboratories in the mid-1920s [17]. His observation that statistical analysis of the dimensions of industrial products over time could be used to control the quality of production laid the foundation for modern control charts. Shewhart is considered to be the father of statistical process control (SPC) his work provides the first evidence of the transition from product quality (by inspection) to the concept of quality processes [18,19]. 

It is also doubtful that the industry will be in a position for many years to come to undertake sulfur removal from residual fuels solely to improve product quality. A number of consumer industries demand low sulfur fuel oils, but these special requirements can at present be met more appropriately by selection of crude rather than by adoption of desulfurization processes. In general industrial use, it is corrosion and atmospheric pollution that are the main disadvantages of high sulfur content. But there is no sign yet of the development of a cheap desulfurization process, the cost of which can be substantially offset by the gain in efficiency resulting from permissible lower stack temperatures or by the elimination of flue gas scrubbing equipment previously necessary for reduction of sulfur dioxide content. 

If apramycin is used, incorrectly, residues may be found in large concentrations in foodstuffs of animal origin and represent both a hazard for the consumer and a disruptive element for the manufacturing processes adopted by the food industry. Apramycin is poorly absorbed after oral administration, but is rapidly and effectively absorbed after parenteral administration and distributed through the extracellular fluid. Excretion is through the kidney, and the compound is found unchanged in the urine. More than 75% of the total residues found in liver and kidneys of animals slaughtered 5-6 days after treatment appear to be unmetabolized apramycin. 

The initiator, or any product formed from it which in turn initiates the reaction, is virtually not consumed by the polymerisation since the process could be repeated over and over again on each addition of fresh monomer. The following alternative explanations may be considered (a) the initiating species are regenerated in the course of polymerisation (b) the initiator s role is to activate the monomer rather than to initiate a growing polymeric chain. On its incorporation into the chain, the activated monomer regenerates the "initiator or activates another molecule of monomer. Such a mechanism was discussed — it accounts, e. g., for the polymerisation of pyrrolidone (60), and this fruitful idea, adopted for NCA polymerisation, has been advocated and substantiated by Bamford s school (18, 51, 52). ... 

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