Consolidating roll

Schematic of filament winding process chain (includes preheating zone and a consolidation roll). 

Figure 13 depicts schematically the filament winding system developed to produce GF/PP pipes and plates from towpregs and PCTs. This system was mounted on a laboratory CNC 6-axes conventional PULTREX filament winding machine. The equipment consists of a preheating furnace, a hot-air heater, and a pneumatically controlled consolidation roll. 

The filtered dough is then returned to a mixer and the alcohol content reduced to 25% by kneading under vacuum. Further reduction in the alcohol content is brought about by rolling the compound on a hooded two-roll mill. The milled product is then consolidated on a two-bowl calender and sheeted off in hides about j in thick. At this stage the solvent content is between 12 and 16%. 

Spray molding is the modification of the hand-lay process where the resin and glass fiber are deposited simultaneously on the molding tool. The fibers are mixed with the resin at the spray head before being deposited on the mold surface. Subsequent consolidation of the laminate is achieved by rolling in a similar manner to the hand-lay process. This method is suitable for large components. Here the capital cost is higher and the process is very operator sensitive. 

Hose may be hand built using a three roll wrapping machine. The centres of the three rolls form an equilateral triangle. The hose during construction sits on the junction between the two lower rollers and pressure is exerted to consolidate the composite by the upper movable roller. An extruded inner liner, after fitting to a solid inner mandrel, is placed into the machine between the rollers and then the various layers of rubber coated or resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex treated, fabric are applied in a spiral form, with overlap. Once the reinforcement layers have been added the cover rubber is applied and a cloth, usually nylon, is spirally wrapped around the constructed hose using the roller system. The hose is now ready for vulcanisation. 

In the spray-up process a reinforcement, usually glass fiber, is substituted for the mat and a special spray gun simultaneously chops the glass fiber and applies it with catalyzed resin to the mold surface. Hand rolling techniques then consolidate the fiber and resin to conform to the mold surface contours. The shorter chopped fibers allow for more intricate design details than do mats. Both processes rely heavily on the operators skills for product quality. These two processes require the least capital investment and have the largest product size capability of all the processes. A single-surface mold produces a part with one controlled (usually the visible) surface. 

The DFS differs from the MPF in that it is equipped to process drained rockets, mortars, mines, and explosive components from projectiles. This processing leaves behind fiberglass ash and metal debris (aluminum and steel). The ash and debris are collected in bins, allowed to cool, and sampled and analyzed to verify that they are agent free. Once this determination has been made, the wastes are consolidated into larger roll-off bins. The ash and debris are transported to a hazardous waste landfill. 

Roll-up. The agglomeration, summarization, or consolidation of data into a summary presentation. Roll-up often involves summarizing data at a given level in a data hierarchy. Examples would include the average of several ED values, or a simpleyes/no indication that toxicity data for a given structure exists somewhere in the database. 

Transducer output from a rotary tablet press differs in two aspects. Firstly, the lower punch plays an active role in the compression event and moves upwards as the upper punch moves downwards. The second difference is small but important. Because of the sinusoidal movement of the upper punch in an excentric press, the punch speed is only zero at the instant when it reverses direction (point E). Punches on a rotary press have a flat area on the punch head. As the punches pass under or over the pressure rolls, the flat area dictates that there is no punch movement. The period during which this occurs is called the dwell time, and though it only lasts a fraction of a second, it can have a major effect on the consolidation process. ... 

The rate of consolidation in an excentric press is governed by the speed at which the upper punch moves into the die. This in turn is governed by the lengths of the excentric arms of the press and its speed of operation. In a rotary press, punch speed is governed by the diameter of the die table, the diameter of the pressure roll, the geometry of the punch head, and the speed of operation. Formulae for the calculation of punch speeds at any point of the compression cycle for both types of press have been derived. ... 

Available forms Powder that can be consolidated into rods, wires, or strips by powder metallurgy. Annealed metal is very ductile and can be bent, coiled, or rolled. Single crystals 2 inches x 0.05-0.005 inch diameter. 

Table rolls contribute a gentle suction in the downstream expansion zone between wire and roll, while some of the water pulled through clings as a film on the underside of the fabric to be pushed up through the wire on the upstream side of the next roll this vertical pressure pulse helps consolidate the web. Where wire speeds exceed about 25 m s the suction increases excessively and rolls are no longer used. 

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