Temporary consolidant

Financing of the deficiency in the Georgian energy system should be considered consolidated in the state budget - at least on a temporary basis. 

As the continuous ribbon is conveyed from the forming station it may or may not be consolidated by a cold press. This prepressing operation reduces the mat thickness and increases the mat density which improves the handling characteristics of the mat, but does not initiate adhesive polymerization. The continuous ribbon is also trimmed to width and cut into individual mats, the length of which is equal to the length of the hot press. The individual mats are placed in the press loader which serves as a temporary storage area for the mats prior to hot pressing. 

The Cementation Co, which was already working on the ventilation shafts for the main area, was also contracted to drive two new inclined access shafts in the temporary districts. Construction of the perimeter walls was well in hand by the start of the new year, but as debris was removed from the north-west comer of K District a number of serious roof collapses occurred, so all further work was abandoned in that area, resulting in the loss of 20% of the planned storage capacity. A limited amount of steel-work was put in place to support the roof, but as K area was classified as only temporary storage extensive use was made of creosoted wooden props, over 520 of which were erected. By March heavy construction in K area was complete and the slope shaft lined with concrete. It was decided to leave the floor with a consolidated Bath... 

The SMP with permanently set shape and dimensions is heated above the transition temperature the polymer is then deformed to the desired shape and dimensions. The new conhguration is allowed to cool under moderate stress to allow consolidation of the temporary shape and dimensions. To revert back to the permanent shape and dimensions, the SMP is heated again above the transition temperature and allowed to cool. 

The solid, subliming materials - camphene, tricyclene, menthol and cyclododecane - have been used as temporary, volatile consolidants and release agents (lagers lagers, 1999 Cleere, 2005). These have been chosen to be suitable because of their ease of use and resistance to polar solvents. Of these, cyclododecane is the preferred material because it is the most stable to degradation, has fewer impurities, and has fewer health and safety risks. It is important that the material applied contains as little as possible non-volatile material, which will remain after treatment as a contaminant. 

Techniques that are time-consuming e.g., the use of vertical drains in combination with a temporary surcharge will accelerate the consolidation process considerably. This method can, however, still take considerable time which might not be available should the lay-out of a site suddenly be changed. 

A surcharge usually consists of a temporary load of sand or other material, which is placed on top of the reclaimed area that needs to be consolidated. Once sufficient consolidation (usually expressed in terms of settlement or dissipation of excess pore pressure) has taken place, the surcharge can be removed and construction activities may start. The thickness of a surcharge may vary considerably, but will generally be in the range of 2-10 m (i.e., a surcharge of approximately 35 kPa 180 kPa when placed above the water table). 

If sufficient time is available for the construction of a land reclamation on peat, the fill may be placed to a temporary higher level than actually required to allow for time-dependent deformations introduced by consolidation and viscous effects of the material resulting in reduction of deformations after construction (Samson and La Rochelle, 1972). With sufficient surcharge, peat may compress to less than 25% of its original volume. 

Requiring a higher degree of consolidation (xmder the weight of the fill) will imply the use and specification of a temporary preload. 

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