Conservative Government

In the early 1960s, when Enoch Powell was Minister of Health in Macmillan s Conservative government, the DoH bought large quantities of tetracycline from Poland for NHS hospital use. This was found to be clinically ineffective and of substandard quality a public outcry in the medical press followed. The cheap drugs exercise was not repeated, but bulk hospital purchase at competitive contract prices continues, and this leads to wide discrepancies between the hospital price and the price charged to prescriptions written in the primary healthcare sector. 

For Slessor s account, see Anthony Seldon, Churchill s Indian Summer The Conservative Government 1951-55 (London Hodder and Stoughton, 1981), p. 335. 

In this chapter I start with an examination of two UK government White Papers on science and technology, one produced in 1993 by a Conservative Government (DTI, 1993) and the other in 2000 by a Labour Government (DTI,... 

In keeping with the Conservative Governments desire to minimize the role of government, the White Paper emphasized private funding of science (paragraph 2.20), but also that there should be greater links between industry and the scientific expertise of British Universities ... 

On the opposite, for ASS, although in theory rules similar to the unemployment insurance have always applied, the majority of its older recipients have tended to be exempted from active job search, thus resembling early retirees on the dole. From 2002, the new conservative government introduced a reform of ASS in order to limit the duration of eligibility to 2 years. However, after their defeat in the regional elections in 2004, the French government scrapped the reform. 

All in all, the French picture of activation which emerges from this period is a mix of state-led initiatives to introduce more universal coverage, under the justification of Republican solidarity and, on the other hand, an early adjustment to increasingly active compensation of the unemployed in the insurance sector, which culminated in 2001 with the introduction of PARE s new activation as the standard provision for all insured unemployed. Along with the introduction of a more activation-oriented political discourse, the collapse of the reforms of assistance (RMA, ASS) after the 2004 regional elections should be interpreted as a clear sign that the solidaristic element of the French policy cannot easily be dispensed with, even by conservative governments. 

Over the same period, significant management reforms occurred in the Public Employment Service (PES, see below). The latest period of the implementation of the PARE, now the mainstream benefit and form of activation , has also seen a very significant increase of sanctions for the unemployed, while a new decrease of the benefit, decided in December 2002 and to be implemented fully in 2004, was eventually cancelled after the conservative government lost the 2004 regional elections. 

Benefit reform and activation under the Conservative Government... 

In the 1980s Conservative Governments placed increased emphasis on evaluation and it was in part the findings from studies in the 1990s that underpinned the primacy given to work first job search programmes (for a review see Finn et al. 1998). 

Todd played a full part in national and international affairs. From 1952-1964, under successive Conservative governments, he was Chairman of the Advisory Council on Scientific Policy and Chairman of the Royal... 

Carter, Bob, Clive Harris and Shirley Joshi. 1993. The 1951-55 Conservative Government and the Racialization of Black Immigration, in Winston James and Clive Harris, eds.. Inside Babylon The Caribbean Diaspora in Britain. London Verso. 

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