Consensus sequence recognized

In contrast to Myc, Max can form homodimers that bind tightly to DNA. These homodimers recognize the same consensus sequence as members of the b/HLH family, 5 -CANNTG-3. The three-dimensional structure of the b/HLH/zip domain of Max complexed with a DNA fragment containing the sequence 5 -CACGTG-3 has been determined by the group of Stephen... 

Max and MyoD recognize the DNA HLH consensus sequence by different specific protein-DNA interactions... 

PTB domains recognize small peptides containing a phosphotyrosine, usually with the consensus sequence, NPXpY. Some PTB-containing proteins, such as Numb, are able to bind to the consensus peptide in the absence of phosphorylated tyrosine, suggesting phosphotyrosine is dispensable for the function of certain PTB domains. Hydrophobic residues N-termi-nal to the phosphotyrosine provide some specificity of target and distinction from SH2 domains. PTB domains appear to be particularly important in docking... 

Immunreceptor based activation motif. The classical ITAM motif comprises the consensus sequence Yxxl/ Lx(6-12)YxxI/L (where Y stands for tyrosine, I stands for isoleucine, L stands for leucine, and x can be any amino acid). Kinases containing tandem SH2 domains, as for example ZAJP-70 or SYK, recognize the phosphorylated ITAMs, thereby initiating downstream signaling events. 

With the help of sigma factor, RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to the promoter region. The bacterial promoter contains two consensus sequences, called the Pribnow box (or TATA box) and the -35 sequence. The promoter identifies the start site for transcription and orients the enzyme on the template strand. The RNA polymerase separates the two strands of DNA as it reads the base sequence of the template strand. 

With the help of proteins called transcription factors, RNA polymerase II recognizes and binds to the promoter region. The basal promoter region of eukaryotic genes usually has two consensus sequences called the TATA box (also called Hogness box) and the CAAT box. 

The Ser, Thr, or T)yr residues that are phosphorylated in regulated proteins occur within common structural motifs, called consensus sequences, that are recognized by specific protein kinases (Table 6-10). Some kinases are basophilic, preferring to phosphorylate a residue having basic neighbors others have different substrate preferences, such as for a residue near a Pro residue. 

Sources Pinna, L.A. Ruzzene, M.H. (1996) How do protein kinases recognize their substrates Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1314, 191-225 Kemp, B.E. Pearson, R.B. (1990) Protein kinase recognition sequence motifs. Trends Biochem. Sc/. 15, 342-346 Kennelly, RJ, Krebs, E.G. (1991) Consensus sequences as substrate specificity determinants for protein kinases and protein phosphatases, J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15,555-15,558. 

Pinna, L.A. Ruzzene, M. (1996) How do protein kinases recognize their substrates Biochvm. Biophys. Acta 1314, 191-225. Advanced review of the factors, including consensus sequences, that give protein kinases their specificity. 

RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is responsible for the synthesis of only one type of RNA, a transcript called pre-ribosomal RNA (or pre-rRNA), which contains the precursor for the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNAs (see Fig. 26-22). Pol I promoters vary greatly in sequence from one species to another. The principal function of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is synthesis of mRNAs and some specialized RNAs. This enzyme can recognize thousands of promoters that vary greatly in sequence. Many Pol II promoters have a few sequence features in common, including a TATA box (eukaryotic consensus sequence TATAAA) near base pair —30 and an Inr sequence (initiator) near the RNA start site at +1 (Fig. 26-8). 

FIGURE 26-8 Common sequences in promoters recognized by eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. The TATA box is the major assembly point for the proteins of the preinitiation complexes of Pol II. The DNA is unwound at the initiator sequence (Inr), and the transcription start site is usually within or very near this sequence. In the Inr consensus sequence shown here, N represents any nucleotide Y, a pyrimidine nucleotide. Many additional sequences serve as binding sites for a wide variety of proteins that affect the activity of Pol II. These sequences are important in regulating Pol II promoters and vary greatly in type and... 

Sigma Factor Gone Consensus Sequence -35 Region -10 Region Genes Recognized fiWSHR... 

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