Connect time costs

Our third constraint was the need to design a system that would run on a microcomputer with only the basic 640K of RAM. This need stems from two facts Most of EPA s microcomputers had that hardware configuration, and EPA wanted the maximum number of users to have access to CORA without incurring the high cost of option-laden microcomputer hardware or the connect-time costs and possible lack of access of a mainframe system. Finally, the fourth constraint was that the chosen software must not levy licensing fees on production copies. 

The costs of an online search are composed of communication costs and host fees. Host fees are usually divided into connect time costs per minute and search fees (the latter only with a few databases) and costs for document display. There is however a trend to Pricing for Information, with declining connect time costs and, instead, increasing costs for document display. This pricing concept is convenient for irregular searchers since they usually require more time for developing an optimized search profile. 

At present, the usual connect time costs amount to 2 to 4 US, the citation fee is between 1 and 3 US. Often, document fees for fact files are higher because their pricing depends on the number of fields retrieved. As a consequence, access to a single Beilstein document is likely to amount to several hundred US. ... 

Another division of neural networks corresponds to the number of layers a simple perception has only one layer (Minski and Papert, 1969), whereas a multilayer perception that has more than one layei (Hertz et al., 1991). This simple differentiation means that network architecture is very important and each application requires its own design. To get good results one should store in the network as much knowledge as possible and use criteria for optimal network architecture as the number of units, the number of connections, the learning time, cost and so on. A genetic algorithm can be used to search the possible architectures (Whitley and Hanson, 1989). 

In the separation of gold from silver, nitric acid was at one time universally employed, but in 1802 D Arcet utilised the fact, discovered in 1753 by Scheele, that concentrated sulphuric acid was equally suitable for the purpose. This constituted an improvement of considerable value, effecting a saving both of cost and time, and it must be remembered that in this connection time is money, for gold brings interest. 

Federal Index This data base covers virtually all federal documents issued between October 1976 and the present. Available from Capitol Services, Inc., Washington, D.C., the Federal Index covers proposed rules, regulations, speeches, bill introductions, congressional hearings, court decisions, executive orders, Washington Post articles, as well as all Federal Register documents. The cost for one hour of on-line connect time is 90.00 for subscribers to Lockheed s Dialog Information Retrieval Service. 

One SDC data base that would be relevant to hazard evaluation needs is called Safety . It provides broad, interdisciplinary coverage of literature related to safety and is particularly concerned with hazard identification and control. Costs for SDC computer-connect time run on average between 60.00-3100.00 per hour. 

On average, costs for DIALOG data bases run between 65.00- 120.00 for an hour of on-line connect time. 

BRS seems to offer comparatively lower prices for their data bases. Data bases identical to those offered by Lockheed (BIOSIS, SSIE, etc.) are cheaper from BRS. On average, costs for BRS data bases run between 46.00- 70.00 for an hour of on-line connect time. Only one of their data bases (Science Citation Index) is fairly costly ( 120.00, 1 hour connect time). 

Tools and methods that are used in VE and that permit information to be obtained about the product in the early development phases offer attractive optimization potentials (time, costs, quality) in engineering. Among other things, in the foreground here are product aspects and features that essentially permit qualitative information to be obtained (e.g., formal aspects) and can be primarily assessed by evaluation (e.g., motion spaces in connection with capability of assembly). Human interaction with the virtual prototypes and human perception and immersion in the VE is decisive for handling the tasks on hand (Figure 2). The verification of qualitative information has normally been possible so far only on the basis of real, physical prototypes. 

This chapter focuses on supply chain structure and ownership, one of the Cs in the supply chain framework. The chain structure is the backbone or the pipeline through which information and material flow in the supply chain. It is the process map of a supply chain that typically crosses many independent company boundaries. Once a supply chain map is generated, the location of entities, as well as ownership, and the connections to the rest of the supply chain architecture influence the observed lead times, costs, incentives, and thus performance, of the supply chain. 

Beilstein is a factual file, unlike Chemical Abstracts. There is only one entry for every compound, containing a multitude of sources. Every record is divided into many fields, which are individually searchable. In the Chemical Abstracts file, every single record reflects one single citation. This difference is the reason for the very different pricing structure in the Beilstein file. There is not only a fee for connect time and search terms (Sect. 6.2) but also for field display. Thus a warning is given from the start, to rethink before entering the display command ALL. It may cost more than one hundred US (Sect. 7.10.4). The recorded facts are ... 

The hydrocyclone, commonly referred to simply as cyclone, is a nonmechanical sedimentation-type classifier (2,6,10,27) (Fig. 7). It has no moving parts or power attachments directly connected to it. The hydrocyclone has become the workhorse of most mineral processing operations because of its simplicity, short residence time, compactness, and low cost of operation. It is, however, characterized by lack of sharpness of separation. Equipment... 

FIG. 14-81 Fabricated costs and installation time of towers. Costs are for shell with two beads and sldrt, but without trays, packing, or connections. (Peters and Timmerhatis, Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New Yoik, 1991. )... 

A network or graph consists of a set of points nodes) connected by lines edges or links). These links can be one-way (one can go from point A to B, but not vice versa) or two-way. When the edges are characterized by values, it is called a weighted graph. In the usual economic problems for which one applies networks, these values are cost, time, or distance. 

---