Conjugated blending

Because of the aqueous solubiUty of polyelectrolyte precursor polymers, another method of polymer blend formation is possible. The precursor polymer is co-dissolved with a water-soluble matrix polymer, and films of the blend are cast. With heating, the fully conjugated conducting polymer is generated to form the composite film. This technique has been used for poly(arylene vinylenes) with a variety of water-soluble matrix polymers, including polyacrjiamide, poly(ethylene oxide), polyvinylpyrroHdinone, methylceUulose, and hydroxypropylceUulose (139—141). These blends generally exhibit phase-separated morphologies. 

The active layer consists of a polymer having electronic conductive, ionic conductive, and luminescent properties, is blended with an ionic salt [48]. The polymer with the required properties can be realized by a blend of a conjugated and an ionic conductive polymer [481 or by specially designed polymers [71-73],... 

Another way of obtaining information on the time-averaged mobility of charge carriers on their way across a sample of arbitrary thickness is, to simultaneously measure the current and the stationary charge earners density via transient absorption and to infer the mobility from j-rnpF. Such experiments have been performed on blends of conjugated oligomers derived from /m-siilbene amine and a... 

In the previous section, devices with fullerenes as initial photoinduced electron acceptors in blends with conjugated polymers were discussed. Clearly one of their disadvantages is that only one of the two components is photoactive in the charge... 

In the extreme carbocation limit of (3.163) and (3.164), the stereoelectronic secondary-hyperconjugation effects therefore blend seamlessly into ordinary pi-type conjugation phenomena (Section 3.3), the two extremes always being linked by electronic continuity. 

J. Birgersson, K. Kaeriyama, P. Barta, P. Broms, M. Fahlman, T. Granlund, and W.R. Salaneck, Efficient blue-light emitting devices from conjugated polymer blends, Adv. Mater., 8 982-985,1996. 

J. Huang, H. Zhang, W. Tian, J. Hou, Y. Ma, J. Shen, and S. Liu, Violet-blue electroluminescent diodes utilizing conjugated polymer blends, Synth. Met., 87 105-108, 1997. 

Y. Yang and Q. Pei, Light-emitting electrochemical cells from a blend of p- and n-type luminescent conjugated polymers, Appl. Phys. I ett., 70 1926-1928, 1997. 

C Weder, C Sarwa, C Bastiaansen, and P Smith, Highly polarized luminescence from oriented conjugated polymer/polyethylene blend films, Adv. Mater., 9 1035-1039, 1997. 

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