Coniferae

C, b.p. 156 C. The most important of the terpene hydrocarbons. It is found in most essential oils derived from the Coniferae, and is the main constituent of turpentine oil. Contains two asymmetric carbon atoms. The (- -)-form is easily obtained in a pure state by fractionation of Greek turpentine oil, of which it constitutes 95%. Pinene may be separated from turpentine oil in the form of its crystalline nitrosochloride, CioHigClNO, from which the ( + )-form may be recovered by boiling with aniline in alcoholic solution. When heated under pressure at 250-270 C, a-pinene is converted into dipentene. It can be reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to form... 

Mfldelchen, n, little needle (or pin), I adel-eisenerz, n., -eisenstein, m. needle iron ore (gdthite in acicular crystals), -erz, n, needle ore (aikinite in acicular crystals), -faser, /, acicular fiber. nadelfSrmig, a. needle-shaped, acicular. Madel-holz, n. conifers (collectively), esp, pines and firs wood of conifers, soft wood, -holzer, n.pl. (Bot.) Finales, Coniferae, -holzkohle,/. soft-wood charcoal, -holzteer, m, soft-wood tar, (loosely) pine tar. -holzzellstoff, m. cellulose (or pulp) from conifers, nadelig, a. needly, acicular. 

A memoir was published in 1822 by Moringlane, Duponchel and Bonastre2 in response to a question which had been proposed by the Paris Society of Pharmacy for investigation, the subject of the proposal being to establish a precise distinction among the diverse natural products of the Terebinthaceae and the Coniferae. The twenty-page memoir is devoted principally to the description of the characteristic... 

Despite the complexity of the chemical composition of the resinous materials, in a few minutes such techniques provide a mass spectral fingerprint, which highlights the compounds that are the main components in the sample. They avoid any sampling treatment before analysis. They have thus enabled diterpenoid resinous materials from Coniferae, and several triterpenoid materials to be clearly identified. In particular, the DE-MS technique is able to distinguish between different triterpenoid materials such as mastic resin, frankincense resin and birch bark tar. In fact, using PCA on DE-MS mass... 

Beracierta AP, Whiting DA (1978) Stereoselective total syntheses of the ( )-di-0-methyl ethers of agatharesinol, sequirin-A, and hinokiresinol, and of ( )-tri-0-methylsequrin-E, characteristic norlignans of Coniferae. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1257-1263 Birch AJ, Liepa AJ (1978) Biosynthesis. In Rao CBS (ed) Chemistry of lignans. Andhra University Press, Andhra Pradesh, pp 307-327... 

Mono-, sesqui-, and some diterpenoids are found in marine and terrestrial flora. They are, therefore, not always unambiguous tracers for higher plant sources. However, diterpenoids with the abietane and pimarane (Fig. 1), and less common phyllocladane and kaurane, skeletons are predominant constituents in resins and supportive tissue of coniferous vegetation (Coniferae), which evolved in the late Paleozoic (200—300 million years ago). Diterpenoid biomarkers have been characterized in... 

Jang, D.S. et al., Prenylated flavonoids of the leaves of Macaranga conifera with inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase-2, Phytochemistry, 61, 867, 2002. 

Condylox is the brand name of podofilox, an antimitotic drug that can be chemically synthesized or purified from the plant families Coniferae and Berberidaceae (e.g., species of Juniperus and Podophyllum). Condylox 0.5% solu-... 

II Cotyledons several, sperm not motile in known forms compound ovulate strobili.Class Coniferae.Order Pinales... 

Traditional alkaloids have not been found, but spermidine amides have been isolated from the pollen of Myrica gale. In the tests reported here, Myrica asplenifolia gave a positive lest the following did not Comptonia peregrina, Myrica burmannii, M. califomica, M. cerifera, M. conifera, M. cordifolia, M. inodora, M. mexicana, M. oblongata, M. pilulifera, M. rubra, M. serrata, M. tomentosa. 

Fernandez I, Pedro JR, Polo E (1995) Sesquiterpene Lactones from Centaurea alba and C. conifera. Phytochemistry 38 655... 

Assmann M, Kock M (2002) Bromosceptrin, an Alkaloid from the Marine Sponge Agelas conifera. Z Naturforsch 57c 157... 

Assmann M, Lichte E, Pawlik JR, Kock M (2000) Chemical Defenses of the Caribbean Sponges Agelas wiedenmayeri and Agelas conifera. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 207 255... 

Botanical name Juniperus communis Family Cupressaceae (= Coniferae)... 

Widespread Acacia catechu (Fabaceae), Polygonum nodosum (Polygonaceae), Salts capraea (Salicaceae), Coniferae glycosides in Rhododendron (Ericaceae), Astilbe (Saxifragaceae) spp. 

Taxifolin (= Dihydro- Many Coniferae Engelhardtia AR (human lens) (8), AR... 

Sceptrin has also been found in several different sponges, co-occurring vith related compounds. Oxysceptrin (67), previously found by Rinehart et al. in a sample of Agelas conifera [109], vas re-isolated by Kobayashi et al. together vith sceptrin from the Okinawan sponge Agelas cf nemoechinata [110]. Its activity as an actimyosin-ATPase activator has been reported [110]. 

Numerous antiviral and antibacterial sceptrin/oxysceptrin derivatives (68-72), along with the diacetate salts of sceptrin and oxysceptrin, were isolated from Agelas conifera [104,111,112]. 

L-Arabinose is found in free form in Coniferae it appears in combined form in bacterial polysaccharides, pectic materials, hemicelluloses and plant glycosides. 

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