Congestion index

Other techniques that take into account some site-specific conditions, such as the Dow Fire and Explosion Index (Ref. 34) and the Mond Index (Ref. 39), have been used to prioritize buildings for evaluation. The results of these indices should be used in conjunction with consideration of other factors, rather than as stand-alone criteria. These other factors might include an evaluation of the effects of confinement and/or congestion-induced turbulence on the potential for blast. 

Coenzyme QIO is a powerful antioxidant naturally occurring in the mitochondria of myocardium, and it is an electron carrier in the mitochondrial synthesis of ATP. Patients with heart failure have lower myocardial levels of coenzyme QIO, but supplementation has been demonstrated to have variable benefits in randomized controlled trials. One meta-analysis on the use in congestive heart failure showed improvements in stroke volume, ejection fraction, cardiac output, cardiac index, and end diastolic volume index. " Another antioxidant associated with beneficial effects in cardiac patients is lycopene, a natural constituent of tomatoes. Lycopene is the major carotenoid found in human serum, and epidemiological studies have indicated an effect of dietary supplementation in reducing heart disease. Few dietary interventions have been reported one study showed a mild but significant hypocholesterolemic effect, and another showed a significant reduction in LDL oxidation. " Animal studies show an antiatherogenic effect of DHEA, and a review of the clinical trials and studies on DHEA in males with coronary heart disease reported a favorable or neutral effect. Plasma levels of DHEA are decreased in patients with chronic heart failure in proportion to its severity. ... 

On the premise that phosphodiesterase inhibitors also inhibit the production of cytokines, milrinone has been used in the treatment of nine patients with the systemic inflammatory response sjmdrome and compared with seven patients with congestive heart failure (4). In both groups mikinone significantly altered cardiac index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and left ventricular stroke work index. In the patients with cardiac failure it also reduced systemic vascular resistance index, and the dose of adrenaline had to be increased substantially during milrinone infusion to counteract vasodilatation. 

A 16-year-old boy who took long-term verapamil after a Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries developed severe congestive heart failure, which did not respond to diuretics. Systemic vascular resistance was increased by 75% and pulmonary vascular resistance by 150% the cardiac index was reduced from 3.0 to 1.8 1/minute/m. Ejection fraction and atrial pressure were unchanged and neurohormonal causes were excluded. The heart failure resolved after withdrawal of verapamil. 

Thus, the nitrile and methyl moieties in milirone enhances its therapeutic potency significantly than amrinone. It has been observed that it improves cardiac index by 34% and lowers systemic vascular resistance by almost 31% in subjects having congestive heart failure. It is proved to be much superior to amrinone because it is not only orally active but also fails to cause either fever or thrombocytopenia. ... 

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