Congenital hip dislocation

Clinical features include neonatal hypotonia, a tendency toward congenital hip dislocation and diffuse muscle weakness. Later on children are frequently of short stature and low body weight and often have long thin faces and high-arched palates. Respiratory difficulties, where present, occur early on and tend to improve with time. In others a virtually static clinical picture is seen. 

Congenital hip dislocation. Congenital dislocation of the hip creates a waddling gait... 

Craniofacial malformation are common features of FAS, which impairs the normal development of the skull, jaws, teeth, nose, eyes, and facial skin. Sometimes variable anomalies of limbs and joints are present, including congenital hip dislocations, abnormalities of the toes, and inability to extend completely the elbows or metacarpal phalangeal joints. Cardiac malformations syndrome encompasses an atrial septal defect, a patent ductus arteriosis, and cardiac murmurs representing ventricular septal defects. Anomalies of external genitalia have also been noted. 

An AP radiograph of the entire abdomen is taken unless one has been obtained recently for any reason and there was no breakthrough event. An additional film in upright position is unnecessary. Abnormal calcification, nephrocalcinosis, spinal deformation, bony abnormality, spinal surgery, pubic symphysis abnormality, and the position of prosthesis (VP shunt, JJ tube, bladder catheter, nephrostomy tube or other) all can easily be shown prior to administration of contrast medium. Attention should be paid to extra urinary anatomy (think of congenital hip dislocation). 

Lamer S, Sebag GH (2000) MRl and ultrasound in children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Eur J Radiol 33 85-93 Langer R (1987) Ultrasonic investigation of the hip in newborns in the diagnosis of congenital hip dislocation classification and results of a screening program. Skeletal Radiol 16 275-279... 

Epileptics have low blood Mn A link between mseleni disease and Mn deficiency Low tissue Mn in MSUD and PKU Mn deficiency and hip dislocation in Down s syndrome Low hair Mn in infants with congenital malformations and their mothers Low blood Mn in non-head injury epileptics Low blood Mn in osteoporosis Experimental Mn deficiency in male subjects ... 

FIG. 92-3 Trendelenberg test for gluteus medius weakness or congenital hip joint dislocation. 

Graf R (1980) The diagnosis of congenital hip-joint dislocation by the ultrasonic compound treatment. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 97 117-133... 

Tonnis D. 1987. Congenital Dysplasia and Dislocation of the Hip and Shoulder in Adults, pp. 1-12, Berlin, Springer-Verlag. 

Pediatric musculoskeletal problems should be evaluated and treatment instituted before the onset of weight-bearing. Equinus, calcaneus valgus, pronation, flatfoot, tibial torsion, metatarsal varus, clubfoot, and congenital dislocation of the hips should all be diagnosed and treated properly before the child begins to walk. 

Also known as the Ortolani dick, this test evaiu-ates for congenital dysplasia or dislocation of the hip. It is performed on newborns in the following manner ... 

Boeree NR, Clarke NM (1994) Ultrasound imaging and secondary screening for congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 76 525-533... 

Faur C, Schmit P, Salvat D (1984) Cost-benefit evaluation of systematic radiological diagnosis of congenital dislocated hip. Pediatr Radiol 14 407-412... 

Harcke HT, Kumar SJ (1991) The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of congenital dislocation and dysplasia of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73 622-628 Harcke HT, Clarke NM, Lee MS et al (1984) Examination of the infant hip with real-time ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med 3 131-137... 

Marks DS, Clegg J, al-Chalabi AN (1994) Routine ultrasound screening for neonatal hip instability. Can it abolish late-presenting congenital dislocation of the hip J Bone Joint Surg Br 76 534-538... 

Teanby DN, Paton RW (1997) Ultrasound screening for congenital dislocation of the hip a limited targeted programme. J Pediatr Orthop 17 202-204... 

Tredwell SJ, Davis L (1989) A prospective study of congenital dislocation of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop 9386-390 van Holsbeeck M, Martel W, Dequeker J et al (1989) Soft-tissue involvement, mediastinal pseudotumour, and venous thrombosis in pustolotic arthro-osteitis. Skeletal Radiol 18 1-8... 

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