Confocal phase-contrast

Tdrdk P, Sheppard C J R and LaczikZ 1996 Dark field and differential phase contrast imaging modes in confocal microscopy using a half aperture stop Optik 103 101-6... 

Finally, the array of modern LMs, including nuclear magnetic resonance, confocal laser, dark-field, phase-contrast fluorescence (Chapter 1), continues to be extended. The array offers the electron microsco-pist many opportunities for correlative LM and EM possibilities. 

A phase contrast wide field transmission microscope combining the advantages of interferomic and confocal techniques has been developed [155]. Confocal operation is achieved by superimposing speckle illumination of a reference beam in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a matched speckle pattern of the object beam. The technique was applied to both dry powders and suspensions and gave good agreement with modelled results. Data acquisition time is less than a millisecond. 

As described in Section 16.4.5, the detection of refractive-index change between two isomers in a photochromic material is the most promising technique for nondestructive readout.It is necessary to develop a readout system that is sensitive to refractive-index distribution. For this purpose, several methods, such as phase-contrast microscope, differential phase-contrast microscope, and reflection confocal microscope configurations have been proposed. 

Figure 7.1 Snapshots of the same giant vesicles observed under different microscopy modes (a) phase contrast (b) differential interference contrast (c) projection averaged confocal microscopy (d) equatorial section confocal microscopy. Adapted from [3] by...

Coacervation process was established at pH 4.2 in water where the two biopolymers interact electrostatically.5 The structure of the coacervates was explored using both phase contrast and confocal scanning laser microscopies. 

Figure 3 (Left) Phase contrast optical micrograph of 7wt% fi-lactoglobulin/Arabic gum mixtures at pH 4.2 ratio 1 1. Scale bar represents 20 pm. (Right) Confocal scanning laser micrograph of a coacervate obtained with a lwt% fi-lactog-lohulin/Arabic gum mixture at pH 4.2 ratio 1 1. Scale bar represents 5 pm...

The confocal laser-scanning microscopy (Laser-scanning microscope 410 Zeiss) is performed on fresh frozen slices, the excitation wavelength is 488/514 nm of the internal argon laser, the fluorescence detection is performed at >590 nm within the red channel and phase contrast within the green channel (Figure 5a, 5b). 

Details are given of the production of a biodegradable lactide-caprolactone copolymer nanofibrous scaffold by electrospinning. Interactions between the scaffold and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells were demonstrated via MTS assay, phase contrast light microscopy, SEM, immunohistology assay and laser scanning confocal microscopy. 34 refs. 

Fig. 8 Confocal microscopy of biotin- and iV-glycan-modified C6 glioma cells (DAPI-, TRITC, and PH-detections). (a) If-Modified cell on TRITC-avidin treatments, (b) Control cell treated by biotin-containing phosphine 8 on TRITC-avidin treatments, (c) Ig-Modilied cell on SNA lectin (aNeu(2-6)Gal-specific) treatments, (d) Intact cell on SNA lectin treatments PH Phase-contrast...

The vesicles were observed on an inverted microscope in phase-contrast and confocal fluorescence modes, as follows. The white cloud of lipid was gently dispersed in the tube and introduced into an observation chamber. The chamber was filled with the same solution as the internal solution except that 0.1 M sucrose was replaced with 0.1 M glucose (external solution). Because of the difference in the reffactivity of the internal and external solutions, the contrast of the vesicle s images was enhanced in the phase-contrast mode. For the confocal fluorescence microscopy, a confocal scanner unit (CSU 10, Yokogawa, Japan) was used, and the lipophilic fluorescent dye Nile Red (Molecular Probes, Inc., OR, USA) was added to the starting lipid solution at 0.3 wt% of the lipid. 

Figure 5.1 (A-C) Phase-contrast and (D) confocal images of nonsphcrical vesicles. The...

Microscopy. Particle size, shape and structure of emulsion droplets can be visualized by various microscope techniques, such as phase contrast light microscopy, confocal scanning light microscopy (CSLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray microtomography (XRT), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and imaging techniques. 

Observe the oocytes on the inverted microscope linked to the confocal using either DIG or phase-contrast optics. 

Fig. 13.11 Top Schematic diagram of pH-induced drug release from pH-cleavable diug-loaded supramolecular capsule. CMD-g-p-CD (caiboxymethyl dextran-p-cyclodextrin), PAD-g-AD (polyaldehyde dextran-graft-adamantane), AD-Dox (adamantine-doxonibicin conjugate), Dex-g-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran). Bottom Confocal microscope image of HeLa cells treated with AD-Dox loaded capsules at (a-c) pH 5.5 (al) enlarged image a Dox fluorescence in cells b phase contrast image c overlay fluorescence and phase eontrast image. Scale bar 50 pm. Reproduced from [88] with permission from Ameriean Chemieal Society...

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