Cones compressibility effects

The effect of unevenness of the cone surface, due to turbulization of the compressed gas flow, is added here as well. 

There were disturbances due to the liquefaction of the gas. P. Isambert found that the coeff. of compressibility of aq. soln. of ammonia is less than that of water alone and the more cone, the soln., the smaller the compressibility. For a litre of liquid at 21-5° containing 330 litres of dissolved gas, the coeff. was 0-0000376, and at 20-4° with 140 litres of dissolved gas, 0-0000387. Observations were also made by G. M. Maverick, and E. L. Nichols and A. W. Wheeler. 0. Maass and D. M. Morrison studied the effect of molecular attraction on the total press, of ammonia and E. Lurie and L. J. Gillespie, the equilibrium press, of mixtures of ammonia and nitrogen. F. Schuster calculated 4512 atm. for the internal pressure of the liquid and J. H. Hildebrand, 3900 atm. 

E. C. C. Baly and H. M. Duncan studied the decomposition of ammonia by means of a hot platinum wire. Two types of ammonia may be prepared—an inactive and an active modification—which are decomposed to different extents by the same quantity of energy. The active form is obtained by the slow withdrawal of ammonia from a cylinder containing the compressed gas by warming the cone. aq. soln. and drying the gas by quicklime and by isothermal evaporation of the liquefied gas at its b.p. The inactive form is obtained by the rapid evaporation of the liquefied gas. The inactive gas slowly recovers its activity on remaining in contact with the liquefied gas. The same effect can be produced by gently warming the gas by means of a platinum wire heated at 200°. In order to observe these phenomena, the platinum wire must be activated in the same way as is customary in W. Ostwald s process for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia in air to nitric acid. Alternatively,... 

The ultrahigh-rate (rakeless) thickener uses internal cones to achieve the tilted-plate effect. The design allows internal flocculation. The tank is tall, with a 60° bottom cone, providing sludge compression height and volume, resulting in a high-density underflow. 

T. Tendeland and A. F. Okuno, The Effect of Fluid Injection on the Compressible Turbulent Boundary Layer—The Effect on Skin Friction of Air Injected Into the Boundary Layer of a Cone at M = 2.7, NACA Res. Mem. A56D05, 1956. 

For short-term or undrained loading analysis (( ) = 0) the factor N is zero and the factor N c is selected from Figure 10.43 for the anticipated relative embedment depth D/B and soil cohesion (a distance B above the anchor) in the soft rupture zone. The soil cohesion can be measured in place with a field vane or cone penetrometer or determined from laboratory tests on core samples such as the unconfined compression or triaxial CU test. If soil strength data are not available, the strength profile can be estimated using d CTot = 0.30, where the vertical effective stress (o J is estimated using a buoyant unit weight of 4 kN/m. ... 

Properties Colorless gas, odorless, tasteless sol. in liq. ammonia, alcohol si. sol. in water at. wt. 14.0067 m.w. 28.01 dens. 1.2506 g/l (0 C), 0.808 g/cm (liq., -195.8 C) m.p. -210 C b.p. -195.79 C chemically nonreactive noncombustible Toxicology Low toxicity simple asphyxiant in high cones. toxic cone. 90 ppm in humans, 250 ppm in mice narcotic at high cone, and pressure narcotic effects and the bends are hazards of compressed air atmospheres such as found in underwater diving TSCA listed Precaution Combines with oxygen and... 

Inan and co-workers study of the flammability of PA6-clay nanocomposites provides an elegant illustration of the dominant heat transfer roll that the char plays in controlling nanocomposite flammability.In these experiments PA6 nanocomposite samples were placed atop pure PA6 samples, these compression-molded composite samples were burned in a cone calorimeter, and the reduction in peak heat release rate for the composite sample was found to be 11% of that expected if the entire sample had been nanocomposite. Since only half of the composite contained clay, this magnitude of effect is surprising. Furthermore,... 

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