Coneflower angustifolia

The purple coneflower Echinacea purpura, and its close relatives, E. angustifolia and E. pallida, are the source of the herb Echinacea, which is widely popular as a nonspecific immune stimulant. These perennials are native to the prairies of North America and are now widely grown garden ornamentals. The root and aerial parts of the plant are the portions used, and the preparation s potency can be verified by the transient tingling sensation produced when it is tasted. Echinacea contains alkamides, caffeic acid esters (echinacoside, cichoric acid, caftaric acid), polysaccharides (heteroxylan), and an essential oil. Some echinacea products are standardized for their echinacoside content. In the past, adulteration with American feverfew (Parthenium integri-folium) was common. Echinacea is now sold either by itself or in combination with golden seal or zinc for the treatment of colds and influenza. 

Echinacea (pronounced ek-a-NAY-sha) or purple coneflower is a perennial plant in the Compositae or daisy family (Foster, 1985). Traditional literature has reported that nine species of Echinacea exists in nature. However, under a new reclassification system, eight varieties are categorized under only four species (Binns et al., 2002a). Echinacea (E.) pallida var. angustifolia (hereafter referred to as E. angustifolia) and E. purpurea are the most common species of Echinacea. E. angustifolia is a wild flower in North... 

Echinacea is a group of American coneflowers in the Family Asteraceae/ Compositae. There are nine species of the plant included in the genus. Three of these are typically seen in herbal preparations Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, and Echinacea pallida. Common preparations consist of freshly pressed or ethanolic extracts of the roots, leaves, and flowers as well as dried portions of the plants. E. purpurea is the most commonly used species, although it is often seen in combination with E. angustifolia (1). 

E. angustifoliae radix (narrow-leaved) coneflower root Echinacea angustlfolia DC Asteraceae Herba... 

Coneflower extract. See Coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia) extract Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) extract Coneflower (Echinacea pallida) extract... 

Cobalt titanium oxide Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) extract Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl silk amino acids Coconut (Cocos nucifera) extract Coffee (Coffea arabica) extract Coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia) extract Coneflower (Echinacea pallida) extract Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) extract Connective tissue extract Copper acetate (ic) Copper acetylmethionate Copper aspartate Copper gluconate (ic) Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) extract Com (Zea mays) germ extract... 

The purple coneflower (Genus Echinacea), indigenous only to North America, was widely used for many medicinal purposes by the American Indians of the Great Plains and subsequently adopted by white settlers. An extract of . angustifolia (narrow-leaved purple coneflower) was made available to medical practitioners by Lloyd Brothers Pharmacists Inc., at the end of the nineteenth century, and became widely used in the USA by eclectic physicians for infectious and inflammatory diseases [5]. With the introduction by the FDA of stricter requirements for testing of drugs, the use of Echinacea declined in the 1930 s, but its use in self-medication has seen a renaissance in recent years. Since 1994, herbal remedies have been defined as dietary supplements in the USA which has allowed manufacturers to make general claims about their efficacy. 

Common/vernacular names Purple cone-flower, common purple coneflower (E. purpurea), pale purple coneflower (E. pallida)-, mixed lots of E. angustifolia dindE. pallida ambiguously traded as Kansas snakeroot. ... 

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