Cone-cylinder intersections

PrimaTy general membrane stress, P ,. This stress occurs across the entire cross section of the vessel. It is remote from discontinuities such as head-shell intersections, cone-cylinder intersections, nozzles, and supports. Examples are ... 

Since discontinuity stresses are self-limiting, allowable stresses can be very high. One example specifically addressed by the ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1, is discontinuity stres.ses at cone-cylinder intersections where the included angle is greater than 60°. Para. l-5(e) recommends limiting combined stresses (membrane -t- discontinuity) in tile longitudinal direction to 4SE and in the circumferential direction to 1..5SE. 

Figure 4-4. Dimension and forces of cone-cylinder intersections.

Cone-cylinder intersections are areas of high discontinuity stresses. For this reason the ASME Code requires reinforcement at each junction and limits angle a to 30° unless a special discontinuity analysis is performed. This procedure enables the designer to take into account combinations of loads, pressures, temperatures, and materials for cones where a is less than or equal to 30° without performing a discontinuity analysis and fulfill all code requirements. 

Bins may be supported in a variety of ways. Since the bottom cone-cylinder intersection normally requires a compression ring, it is common practice to combine the supports vwth this ring. This will take advantage of the local stiffness and is convenient for the support design. 

WORKSHEET TO DETERMINE LOADS AT CONE-CYLINDER INTERSECTIONS... 

Bins may be supported in a variety of ways. Since the bottom cone-cylinder intersection normally requires... 

In the basic geometrical TYPES described so far, the REGIONS may contain either another TYPE or a single material. If this is insufficient it may be necessary to have more detailed representation of the geometry supplied by a HOLE routine . HOLE routines will describe systems containing nonstandard shapes, e.g., hemispheres, cones, rings, intersecting cylinders, or arrays of rods not suitable for ARRAY specification. A HOLE may, in principle, contain any number of objects of any shape Several such routines are available in MONK, and others can easily be added as subroutines. 

The X-rays emitted by the Coolidge tube penetrate the cylindrical chamber on the axis of which is placed the sample. An imprint of the diffracted beams is produced using a film placed on the inside of the chamber. The intersection of the diffraction cones and the cylinder gives diffraction arcs with a curvature that depends on the angle. These arcs become hnes when 20 = 180° and their curvature is reversed beyond that. 

The distance between the layer line I = 0 and the layer line I = 1 produced by the intersection of the cones with the cylinder of radius R is... 

A Debye-Scherrer camera consists of a metal cylinder provided with a photographic film. The primary beam is perpendicular to its axis. The distance between two symmetrical lines, produced by the intersection of a cone with the cylinder, is 46R, 6 being the Bragg angle (in radians) and R the radius of the camera. The interval is derived from Bragg s law. The powder method gives us only the norms of the reciprocal vectors. The set of norms corresponds to the projection of the reciprocal lattice onto a straight line. 

GEOM will treat all geometries in which material interfaces are describable by functions that are at most quadratic (e.g., planes, cylinders, cones, spheres, etc.). The quadratic material boundaries may intersect each other and be oriented in any possible manner. The com-... 

---