Discontinuity Analysis

Discontinuous analysis must in the first place and at a recorded moment provide for automatic sampling directly from the process product or stream in the second place, and by direct connection, the analytical measurement must be carried out in a fully automatic manner. 

Roughly equivalent to PyGC plus weight change. Intermitted sampling allows for discontinuous analysis of evolved gases. 

In a first step this control algorithem was tested by a simulation of the whole circuittaking into consideration reactor behavior,reaction rate equation. discontinuous analysis. analytical errors and control-strategy. 

ASME Code [1]. This paragraph requires a discontinuity analysis of the cone-shell juncture. 

Cone-cylinder intersections are areas of high discontinuity stresses. For this reason the ASME Code requires reinforcement at each junction and limits angle a to 30° unless a special discontinuity analysis is performed. This procedure enables the designer to take into account combinations of loads, pressures, temperatures, and materials for cones where a is less than or equal to 30° without performing a discontinuity analysis and fulfill all code requirements. 

Priest, S. D. Discontinuity Analysis for Rock Engineering, Chapman and Hall London, 1993. 

Toriconical sections are mandatory if angle a exceeds 30° unless the design complies with Para. l-5(e) of die ASME Code [1], This paragraph requires a discontinuity analysis of the cone-shell juncture. 

Priest, S.D. 1993. Discontinuity analysis for rock engineering. Champman Hall. London. 

ASME Simplification of Discontinuity Analysis due to Internal Pressure... 

Tlie ASME Code, VIII-1, uses the stress expressions obtained in Example 6.9 for internal pressure as the basis for establishing simplified criteria for discontinuity analysis at the cylinder-to-cone junction. At the large end of the cone (Fig. 9.7) the discontinuity analysis results in the following two expressions for die longitudinal and hoop stresses in the shell ... 

When an exact solution involving a discontinuity analysis at the shell-to-head juncture is not wanted, flat heads are generally calculated based on the assumption that the edges are simply supported or fully fixed. The true condition lies somewhere between. 

ASME Simplification of Discontinuity Analysis due to Internal Pressure Conical Shells under External Pressure ASME Simplification of Discontinuity Analysis due to External Pressure... 

In formulating the discontinuity equations for torispherical heads at the cylinder junction, two assumptions must be made. First, the ratio ajt must be over 30. Second, all deflections dissipate rapidly away from the junction. With these two assumptions known as Geckeler s approximations), the discontinuity analysis of a torispherical head near a cylinder junction is similar to that for a cylindrical shell. Hence, the governing equations are (see Section 5.2.1)... 

Ihcse high forces, the ASME Code, VllI-1, limits the apex angle to a maximum of 30° when the cone is subjected to internal pressure. Above 30° a discontinuity analysis is done or a toriconical head used to avoid the unbalanced forces at the Junction. 

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