Conductive induction

The common types of other industrial electrostatic separators employ charging bv conductive induction anchor ion bombardment. Figure 19-56 illustrates the principles of application,... 

Conductive-Induction Machines Electrostatic separators exploiting the principle of conductive induction will generally use the follovv -ing electrode designs ... 

Charging bv ion bombardment is the technique used in most mineral separations. The conductive-induction (nonionizing) plate types of separators have also been used Application.s of this device in the minerals indiisti v include its use as a final cleaning step when concentrating rutile and zircon,... 

Conductive induction Zircon or rutile concentrate (eastern Aiistraliaj Residual conductor minerals from rutile and zircon upgrading of concentrate from 98.95 to 99..35% zircon at 92% recoveav Plate 50-80 -0.21 + 10.074 0.6-0.7, 5-10... 

Conductive objects may accumulate charge via conduction, induction, ion collection or contact-separation in relation to a nonconductor. In general, charge accumulation on conductive objects can be completely prevented by bonding and grounding. The only decisions to be made are how small the resistance to ground must be (4-1.3) and how small a conductive object needs to be before it can be neglected. The latter depends on the results of... 

Electrical Variables. Included here are those variables which are measured as the product of a process, as in the case of measuring die current and voltage of a generator, and also as part of an instrumentation system. Numerous transducers, of course, yield electrical signals that represent by inference some other variable quantity, such as a temperature or pressure. Variables in this class include electromotive force, electric current, resistance, conductance, inductance, capacitance, and impedance. 

General Principles Electrostatic separation (of particles), also commonly known as high-tension separation, is a method of separation based on the differential attraction or repulsion of charged particles under the influence of an electrical field. Applying an electrostatic charge to the particles is a necessary step before particle separation can be accomplished. Various techniques can be used for charging. These include contact electrification, conductive induction, and ion bombardment. 

FIG. 19-55 Schematic representation of charging mechanisms. (A) Contact electrification. (B) Conductive induction. (C) Ion bombardment. Cond. = conductor particle diel. = dielectric particle = high-voltage dc electrode 0 = ions from corona discharge at high-voltage electrode. 

FIG. 19-59 Conductive-induction plate-type electrostatic separator. Courtesy of Mineral Technology, Ltd.)... 

Charging by ion bombardment is the technique used in most mineral separations. The conductive-induction (nonionizing) plate types... 

Generally, separators of the conductive-induction type have a lower capacity per unit length of electrode than the ion-bombardment (ionizing) type of apparatus, and multipass operation is typically required. This disadvantage is offset by the ability of these separators to (1) produce high-grade concentrates from ore materials that are otherwise difficult to process and (2) process a coarser material than competitive... 

The fifth level is the assembly of dipoles, made by association of two or three dipoles belonging to different types. Thus, we can have four dipole assemblies capacitive -i- inductive, capacitive + conductive, inductive + conductive, and capacitive + inductive -i- conductive. Examples of dipole assemblies are an electric LC oscillator, a mass attached to a spring, outflow from a fluid reservoir, a chemical reaction with multiple reactants, etc. Note that the association of two dipoles of the same type does not form an assembly, which requires an association of two different types of dipoles. Two capacitive dipoles, for instance, when energy exchange is possible between them, merely form another capacitive dipole, that combines the properties of both dipoles. 

GRAPH 10.2 The three fundamental dipoles (two storing and one dissipating) and the two mixed dipoles (one conductive-capacitive and one conductive-inductive). 

The previous discussion about the inclusion of temporal processes without transport into the category of transfer means that one must be able to model transfer without conductance. Inductive or capacitive dipoles are therefore used for this case, together with purely conductive and mixed dipoles for the other cases. 

Conductive induction principle is illustrated in Figure 9.15. A charged body moves toward an isolated metal object B. Since similar charges reject while different charges attract, negative charges on object A induce electrons... 

Cassiterite-scheeKte Drying Ion bombardment Conductive induction... 

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