Conducting conjugated polymers applications

Semi-conducting conjugated polymers (application as polymer light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells, sensors, field-effect transistors etc., e.g. poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV)),... 

As the title of this article suggests, the material covered will deal with the electronic structure of conductive conjugated polymers in relation to their physicochemical properties. This subject is so broad that the theme is confined herein to polyacetylene and other conjugated systems having aromatic rings. The research in this area, however, is rapidly developing and, on reflection, yielding fruitful results that have wide applications and ramifications in quantum chemistry. 

Some of the research focused on the nanosized loaded on conductive conjugated-polymer matrix. Mho et al. prepared V Oj/PANI composite films by a two-step electrochemical method and evaluated for their application in Li-ion batteries [64]. As a first step, the PANI film was... 

Many books and reviews have been devoted to the electrochemical synthesis and applications of conductive conjugated polymers. Only for reasons of limited space, just few of them are cited herein. ... 

Although conjugated polymers can be both n-doped and p-doped - and thus, in principle, be capable of behaving either as negative or as positive electrodes - the majority of applications have been confined to the p-doping, positive side. Conductive polymers have been proposed and tested in a variety of advanced electrochemical devices. Due to lack of space, we will confine our attention to the description of the most illustrative examples which are rechargeable lithium batteries and multi-chromic optical displays. 

Polymers. The 7t-conjugated polymers used in semiconducting applications are usually insulating, with semiconducting or metallic properties induced by doping (see FLECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE polymers). Most of the polymers of this type can be prepared by standard methods. The increasing use of polymers in devices in the last decade has led to a great deal of study to improve the processability of thin films of commonly used polymers. 

This list can be divided into three main classes based mainly on function and redox state. First, applications that utilize the conjugated polymer in its neutral state are often based around their semi-conducting properties, as in electronic devices such as field effect transistors or as the active materials in electroluminescent devices. Secondly, the conducting forms of the polymers can be used for electron transport, electrostatic charge dissipation, and as EMI-shielding mate-... 

Although the original research on conductive polymers was done with polyacetylene, a number of other conjugated polymers have been developed for such uses. Among these products are the polythiophenes, polyanilines, polyphenylenevinylenes, polyethylene-dioxythiophenes, polypyrroles, and polydialkylfluorenes. These products are now beginning to find applications in a number of industrial, research, medical, and consumer devices. 

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