Concomitant immunity

Festjens, N., T. Vanden Berghe, and P. Vandenabeele. 2006. Necrosis, a well-orchestrated form of cell demise Signalling cascades, important mediators and concomitant immune response. Biochim Biophys Acta 1757(9-10) 1371-87. 

Wilson, R.A., Coulson, P.S. and McHugh, S.M. (1983) A significant part of the concomitant immunity of mice to Schistosoma mansoni is the consequence of a leaky hepatic portal system, not immune killing. Parasite Immunology 5, 595-601. 

Niederkorn JY, Streilein JW (1983) hitracamerally induced concomitant immunity Mice harboring progressively growing intraocular tumors are immune to spontaneous metastases and secondary tumor challenge. J hnmunol 131 2670-2674. 

Even if it could seem bizarre nowadays, live parasites or their antigens would work for ameriolating immunological disorders, like allergies or autoimmune diseases. Helminth infection can control concomitant immune disease modulat-... 

Smithers SR, Terry RJ. Concomitant immunity. Adv Parasitol 1976 14 399-428. Naus CWA, Kimani G, Ouma JH, Fulford AJC, Webster M, van Dam GJ, Deelder AM, Butterworth AE, Dunne DW. Development of antibody isotype responses to Schistosoma mansoni in an immunologically naive immigrant population influence of infection duration, infection intensity, and host age. Infect Immun 1999 67 3444-3451. 

Specific concomitant medications or consumptions (check specific statin package insert for warnings) fibrates (especially gemfibrozil, but other fibrates too), nicotinic acid (rarely), cyclosporine, azole antifungals such as itraconazole and ketoconazole, macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin and clarithromycin, protease inhibitors used to treat Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, nefazodone (antidepressant), verapamil, amiodarone, large quantities of grapefruit juice (usually more than 1 quart per day), and alcohol abuse (independently predisposes to myopathy)... 

IGIM should be injected into a deltoid or gluteal muscle. It does not affect the immune response of inactivated vaccines, oral polio virus, or yellow fever vaccine. The administration of live vaccines [e.g., measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine] concomitantly with IGIM may decrease the immune response significantly thus, MMR and varicella vaccine should be delayed for at least 3 and 5 months, respectively, after IGIM has been administered. Additionally, IGIM should not be given within 2 weeks of the MMR administration or within 3 weeks of the varicella vaccine to maximize the efficacy of the immunization.1... 

The stress-associated shift in Thl/Th2 cytokines observed in human subjects has also been demonstrated in restraint-stressed mice. Associated with the shift towards a Th2 response are a significant decrease in NK cell activity, decreased IFN-y production by Con A-stimulated splenocytes, and a concomitant increase in serum corticosterone levels after 24 hours of restraint.30 These observations are consistent with studies on the effects of restraint stress and the immune response to viral infection. Restraint-stressed mice exhibited a decline in NK cell activity and a decrease in the generation of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to HSV-l after primary infection, which resulted in an increase in the replication of the virus at the site of infection.3132... 

CH50 determinations can be used to analyze the total serum complement and are useful for monitoring immune complex diseases (Sullivan, 1989) activation of complement (Table 15.13) in the presence of autoantibodies is indicative of immune complex diseases and autoimmunity. The various components of the complement system (C3, C4) can also be measured to assess the integrity of the system. For instance, low serum concentrations of C3 and C4, with a concomitant decrease in CH50 may indicate activation of complement, while a low C4 alone is a sensitive indicator of reduced activation of the complement system. Since C3 is used as an alternate complement pathway, it usually measures high. Therefore, a low C3 with a normal C4 may indicate an alternate pathway of activation. 

Humans can be exposed to POPs through diet, occupational exposures (for example, farmworkers may be exposed to POPs through pesticides), industrial accidents and the environment (including indoor exposure). Exposure to POPs, either acute or chronic, can be associated with a wide range of adverse health effects, including illness and death (L. Ritter et al., 1995). Laboratory animal studies and wildlife studies have associated POPs with endocrine disruption, reproductive and immune dysfunction, neurobehavioral disorders and cancer. More recently, some POPs have also been connected to reduced immunity in infants and children and a concomitant increase in infections. Other studies have linked POPS concentrations in humans with developmental abnormalities, neurobehavioral impairment and cancer and tumor induction or promotion.4... 

The immune system of vertebrates is composed of a great number of interacting cellular and molecular species whose responsability is to detect, identify and destroy foreign invaders such as infective microorganisms and their concomitant macromolecular constituents [23]. 

For these experiments, the optimal formulation in comparison to free antigen was tested. The mice were immunized three times with 10 pg liposomal AVF 3 TRP-2 with a concomitant administration of 13.3 nmol liposomal AVF 3 CpG. The controls were done with 100 pg free TRP-2 and 5 nmol free CpG. On the days following the third injection, 100 pL blood... 

Figure 2. Immune lysis of a sensitized liposome. Immobilized antibody-sensitized liposome undergoes complement-induced lysis. Released enzyme catalyzes substrate-product reaction with concomitant reduction of immobilized cofactor. The cofactor is electrochemi-cally reoxidized and the current is related to the analyte concentration. (See text for discussion.) Symbols A, analyte (antigen) Y, antibody S, sub-...

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