Concentrations of total organic

Inlet concentration of total organic compounds (ppmv)... 

GEODE [General Electric organic destruction] A development of the Ultrox process in which a combination of ozone and ultraviolet radiation is used to oxidize traces of organic compounds in water. Developed by the General Electric Company and demonstrated at the Commonwealth Edison nuclear power plant at Dresden, IL, in 1989. The requirement was to reduce the concentration of total organic carbon in the process and makeup waters to the low parts-per-billion range. 

Figure 5.5 Ozonation of bezafibrate in water at pH 6 and 25°C. The represents bezafibrate concentration, O represents the concentration of chlorine released from that degradation, whereas A represents the concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) removed during the ozonation process. (Adapted from Dantas et al., 2007.)...

Figure 11.1. A conceptual diagram of the size-composition continuum of organic matter in the ocean. The seawater concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) in various size fractions increases with decreasing size of particles, colloids, and dissolved molecules. The percentages of carbon characterized as specific molecules, such as amino acids and neutral sugars, decreases with decreasing size. Most of the organic carbon resides in the ocean as small molecules that have not been structurally characterized.

The abundance and ratios of important elements in biological cycles (e.g., C, H, N, O, S, and P) provide the basic foundation of information on organic matter cycling. For example, concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) provide the most important indicator of organic matter since approximately 50% of most organic matter consists of C. As discussed in chapter 8, TOC in estuaries is derived from a broad spectrum of sources with very different structural properties and decay rates. Consequently, while TOC provides essential information on spatial and temporal dynamics of organic matter it lacks any specificity to source or age of the material. 

The amount of CO2 produced during the course of the reaction is approximated by the difference between the initial concentration of total organic carbon and the concentration of TOC at any given time, as expressed in the following equation ... 

Brazos River water contains a relatively high concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) in the summer. Some of this carbon is removed in the floe as indicated by both the CCE (Carbon Chloroform Extract) and TOC. 

A10.5.1.4 The concentration of total organic carbon in the medium should not exceed 2.0 mg/1. 

Chemical oxygen COD A measure of the concentration of total organic material... 

Fig. 3. pH Dependence of total organic carbon (TOC) decay during the photooxidation of a landfill leachate using H2O2/uv. Initial TOC concentration,... 

Omstein [276] developed a model for a rigidly organized gel as a cubic lattice, where the lattice elements consist of the polyacrylamide chains and the intersections of the lattice elements represent the cross-links. Figure 7 shows the polymer chains arranged in a cubic lattice as in Omstein s model and several other uniform pore models for comparison. This model predicted r, the pore size, to be proportional to I/Vt, where T is the concentration of total monomer in the gel, and he found that for a 7.5% T gel the pore size was 5 nm. Although this may be more appropriate for regular media, such as zeolites, this model gives the same functional dependence on T as some other, more complex models. 

Chapter 8 describes a similar one-dimensional chain of identical reservoirs, but one that contains several interacting species. The example illustrated here is the composition of the pore waters in carbonate sediments in which dissolution is occurring as a result of the oxidation of organic matter. I calculate the concentrations of total dissolved carbon and calcium ions and the isotope ratio as functions of depth in the sediments. I present... 

Proposed mercury criteria for the protection of sensitive aquatic organisms, birds, and mammals, as well as human health, are shown in Table 5.11. In almost every instance, these criteria are listed as concentrations of total mercury, with most, if not all, the mercury present as an organomercury species. In some cases the recommended criteria are routinely exceeded, as is the case for brown bears (Ursus arctos) in the Slovak Republic (Zilincar et al. 1992), and in Italian seafood products recommended for human consumption (Barghigiani and De Ranieri 1992). 

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