Compound alkylamine

We have often seen that the polar nature of a substance can affect physical properties such as boiling point This is true for amines which are more polar than alkanes but less polar than alcohols For similarly constituted compounds alkylamines have boiling points higher than those of alkanes but lower than those of alcohols... 

Nonaromatic heterocyclic compounds piperidine for example are similar m basic ity to alkylamines When nitrogen is part of an aromatic ring however its basicity decreases markedly Pyridine for example resembles arylammes m being almost 1 mil lion times less basic than piperidine... 

Section 22 1 Alkylamines are compounds of the type shown where R R and R" are alkyl groups One or more of these groups is an aryl group m arylammes... 

The prototype of a pure ethylenediamine is tripeleimamine antazoline [91-75-8] C27H22N2, belongs to the same family of compounds. Several well-known alkylamines in addition to chlorpheniramine are known. Hexchlorpheniramine maleate [2438-32-6] and triprohdine monohydrochloride monohydrate [6138-79-0] an alkenyl derivative, are two examples. 

Complex nitrogen compounds are formed from the reaction of aLkylamines with ethylene oxide (61). Thus diethylamine and ethylene oxide react to yield diethylaminoethanol. The diaLkylarninoethanols can react with ethylene oxide to give amino poly(ethylene glycols) ... 

This numbering system is especially useful since all the reactivity characteristics summarized above can be recognized just from the name of the compound. Resonance activation of the leaving group (Le) for alkoxylation or alkylamination has the following observed characteristics (Section IV, A, 2) ... 

Alternatively, l//-3-benzazepin-2-amines can be obtained from the 2-ethoxy compounds,61 or by transamination, e.g. 23-+24, of li/-3-benzazepin-2-amine (23) in refluxing alkylamine or cycloalkylamine solution.41... 

Condensation of 594 with alloxan followed by methylation of the presumably formed purino[7,8-g]-6-azapteridine gave 597. Treatment of the latter with alkylamines afforded (87CPB4031) [1,2,4]triazino[2,3-/]purines 598. Compound 597 was active against P388 leukemia. Vascular relaxing effects of 598 were determined, but none showed potent activity (87CPB4031) (Scheme 123). 

N-Tosylated P-hydroxy alkylamines (which can be easily hydrolyzed to P-hydroxyamines" ) can be prepared " by treatment of alkenes with the trihydrate of Chloramine-T and a catalytic amount of OSO4. In some cases yields can be improved by the use of phase-transfer catalysis." The reaction has been carried out enantioselectively." In another procedure, certain P-hydroxy secondary alkylamines can be prepared by treatment of alkenes with the osmium compounds... 

Researchers at Lilly have prepared a series of alkylamine H3 antagonists. Examples include the amide (57), which has a of 1.05 nM and the tetra-hydroisoquinoline (58), which has a A) of 0.37 nM [132]. Both compounds are inactive at the Hi, H2, and H4 receptors. This same group also disclosed a series of azepines, represented by (59) (H3 A j = 0.85 nM) and (60) [133]. Compound (60) is reported to have 100% bioavailability and a 12.4 h half-life in rat. Related dihydroindoles such as (61) (A j = 0.5nM) and tetra-hydroquinolines were also shown to be H3 antagonists [134]. 

By contrast, alkylamination of naphthazarin (7) in the presence of sodium dithionite followed by oxidation gives l,4-bis(alkylamino)-5,8-naphthoquinone (31).18,19 However, Kikuchi and co-workers20 obtained isomeric l,5-bis(alkylamino)-4,8-naphthoquinone (32) from the reaction of leuco naphthazarin (33) with alkylamine They also isolated 5-alkylamino-leuco-naphthazarin (34) as an intermediate, which is further aminated at the 1-position to give 32. Bloom and Dudek21 have studied the structure of leuco aminonaphthoquinones and their tautomeric equilibria in solution. They concluded that the reaction of leuco naphthazarin (33) or the leuco compound (35) derived from l,5-diamino-4,8-naphthoquinone (36) with methylamine gives mixtures of l,4-bis(methylamino)-31 (R = Me) and 1,5-bis(methylamino)naphthoquinones 32 (R = Me) after oxidation of leuco aminonaphthoquinones (Scheme 10). Some of the structures of leuco aminonaphthoquinones are shown in Scheme ll.20... 

Ethoxylated products can also feature as amphoteric surfactants an example is compound 9.55, an alkylamine poly(oxyethylene) sulphate. Of particular interest in textile processing are the trisubstituted alkylamino acids known as betaines N-alkylbetaines (9.56 R = C8-C16 alkyl) and acylaminoalkylbetaines (9.57 R = C10-C16 alkyl) are typical [30]. 

On 100% acrylic materials the quaternary ammonium retarders are used almost exclusively. Other types have been evaluated, however. For example, saturated alkylamines (RNH2 R = C10, C12, C14 and C16 hydrophobes) were found to be just as effective as the quaternary types although other factors, such as aqueous solubility at the optimal dyebath pH and resistance to subsequent discoloration, favour the quaternary compounds [34]- On the other hand, bis (hydroxyethyl) coco amine (12.10) had relatively little effect and the amphoteric carboxymethyldimethylcocoamine (12.11) none at all, although dimethyl-cocoamine oxide (12.12) was quite an effective retarder [34]- Other cationic compounds used [43,44] have included alkylpyridinium salts, imidazoles and imidazolinium salts, alkyldiamines, alkylpolyamines, as well as sulphonium and phosphonium derivatives. 

AIN, GaN, and InN are attractive materials for applications such as blue lasers and field emitters single-source precursors for these of formula [R2MNR 2]2 (R = alkyl, R = alkyl or H) have been reported.236 The reaction of alkylamines with group 13 trialkyl metal compounds affords oligomeric or polymeric ring and cage structures of metal amides and imides (see section on nitrides). 

Amine functionalities also may be created on polysaccharides (Section 4.3, this chapter). The reducing ends of carbohydrate molecules (or generated aldehydes) may be reacted with small diamine compounds to yield short alkylamine spacers that can be used for subsequent conjugation reactions. Hydrazide groups may be similarly created using f z s-hydrazide compounds (Sections 4.5 and 4.6, this chapter). 

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