Composition rosemary

The enantiomeric differentiation of linalool is useful in the quality control of essential oils and oleoresins, as it was found to provide an important indication of the authenticity of many herbs and spices. The enantiomeric composition of linalool has been determined in many essential oils, including basil, bergamot, rosemary, lavandin, lavender, balm, coriander, mace. Pelargonium, rose, Cymbopogon, lemon, mandarin, Osman-thus, davana, jasmine, Lippia alba and orange, as well as in many fruit... 

Because honey is the only source of organic flavorants and sugar, its composition clearly sets limits on the final quality of mead. For example, Pereira (2008) demonstrated that between a dark (heather) and light (rosemary) honey, the heather honey produced the more appreciated mead. This occurred, regardless of yeast strain or supplement. To date, yeast strains isolated from honey have not shown any advantage over easily obtained commercial strains. 

Castro-Vasquez, L., Diaz-Maroto, M. C., Gonzalez-Vinas, M. A., and Perez-Coello, M. S. (2009). Differentiation of monofloral citrus, rosemary, eucalyptus, lavender, thyme and heather honeys based on volatile composition and sensory descriptive analysis. Food Chem. 112,1022-1030. 

Baratta, M.T., Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., Biondi, D.M. and Ruberto, G. (1998) Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of laurel, sage, rosemary, oregano and coriander essential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Research 1 0(6), 61 8-627. 

Rosemary oils are derived from one main species with well-documented cultivars that show variations in chemical composition due to the climate they are grown in. 

The compositions of distilled and SFE extracted rosemary oils are compered in Table 3. ... 

Comparative chemical percentage composition (w/w%) of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis ... 

FIGURE 6.3 The phenolic diterpene composition of commercial extracts from rosemary and sage (for extraction solvents used, see text). Data taken from Schwarz et al. (1992). 

Composition Up to 55% 1,8-cineole, camphor, bomeol and its acetate, a-terpineol, terpinene-4-ol, linalool, verbenone, 3-octanone and terpene hydrocarbons. For detailed analyses see e.g. [254, 255, 256[. Even if different chemotypes of rosemary exist, only two qualities are of commercial interest (ISO and European Pharmacopoeia give almost identical specifications) ... 

The Top Notes are compositions of natural or synthetic flavouring ingredients to impart a very specific desired aroma profile spicy, peppery, rosemary, lime, buttery, roasted garlic notes for a clear variation. Or specific fatty notes like 2,4-decadienal, 2-nonenal to adjust the chicken flavour to a more natural impression. Top notes are very flexible in production and can be adjusted to customer needs. 

Myrtaceae (myrtle), and Rutaceae (citrus) plant families. Table 1 provides examples of a few of the better known essential oils, the plants from which they are derived, and the major constituents found in each of these oils. It is important to note that the composition of these oils can vary dramatically, even within species. Factors impacting the composition include the part of the plant from which the oil is extracted (i.e., leaf tissue, fruits, stem, etc.), the phenological state of the plant, the season, the climate, the soil type, and other factors. As an example, rosemary oil collected from plants in two areas of Italy were demonstrated to vary widely in the concentrations of two major constituents, 1,8-cineole (7% to 55%) and a-pinene (11% to 30%) [6]. Such variation is not uncommon and has also been described for the oils derived from Ocimum basilicum [7] and Myrtus communis [8]. 

In a preliminary investigation, the effects of low-level dietary Inclusion of rosemary, garlic, and oregano oils on pig performance and pork quality were carried out. Unfortunately, no information on the species from which the oils were obtained and their composition existed in the paper. The pigs appeared to prefer the garlic-treated diet, and the feed intake and the average daily gain... 

Cuvelier ME, Richard H, Berset C. Antioxidative activity and phenolic composition of pilot-plant and commercial extracts of sage and rosemary. J Am Oil Chem Soc 19% 73 645%52. 

Moreno, S., Scheyer, T., Romano, C.S., and Vojnov, A.A. 2006. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of rosemary extracts linked to their polyphenol composition. Free radical research, 40(2), 223-31. 

It is very rarely indicated what type of rosemary oil was investigated for its antimicrobial activity and only sometimes the composition of the oil is given (Fig. 5.6). 

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