Composition of paints

A specific feature of the CEMS technique is the possibility for nondestructive testing of the surface composition of paintings, ancient coins, and pottery or other valuable objects. Wagner et al. [445] have investigated Celtic gold coins (from the time period 480-15 b.c.) and have shown that the surface of the coins consist of two phases, one of which is strongly eiuiched in gold compared to the bulk composition. 

Rock Paintings in the Field. The manufacturing and composition of paints from prehistoric periods are of great archaeological interest because it is possible to deduce aspects of the ancient cultures based on their abilities to produce works of arts. Many pigments used in ancient paintings are iron-based compounds. In most... 

We have discussed the composition of paint, the attributes of various types of paint, and the place of paint in a classification of matter. Now you will produce paint by preparing paint pigments and combining these pigments with binders. In addition to preparing paints, you will examine the physical properties of the substances produced in your activities. 

A particular product (commodity) (material) must become the subject of money, which exists as the attribute of every exchange value. The subject in which this symbol is represented is not a matter of indifference, since the demands placed on the representing subject are contained in the conditions - conceptual determinations, characteristic relations - of that which is to be represented. The study of the precious metals as subjects of the money relations, as incarnations of the latter, is therefore by no means a matter lying outside the realm of political economy, as Proudhon believes, any more than the physical composition of paint, and of marble, lie outside the realm of painting and sculpture.27... 

Composition of Paint-Solvent Mixtures. The composition of a paint-solvent mixture is governed by the application conditions, drying temperature, and drying time of the paint. The solvent mixture in a paint that undergoes physical drying at room temperature contains ca. 45% low boilers, ca. 45% medium boilers, and ca. 10% high boilers. 

C. H. Hare in Protective Coatings Fundamentals of Chemistry and Composition, 1. The Basic Composition of Paint, Technology Publishing Company, Pittsburgh, PA, 1994, pp.1-13. 

The composition of paints and varnishes is determined by application requirements, drying temperature, and drying time. Depending on the properties of paints and varnishes, different mixtures of solvents are added. 

Figure 1 summarizes the composition of paints. In general, a paint is composed of a binder, a pigment, and a solvent or mixtme of solvents. However, some paints do not contain some of these products (e.g., varnishes do not contain pigments and solid paints do not include any solvent). Additionally, some additives are included in paint formulations during their manufacture in order to control the dispersion of the... 

Infrared spectroscopy IR spectroscopy provides the most valuable information on the qualitative composition of paints. Binders, pigments, solvents, and some additives can be characterized by their corresponding IR spectra. However, the identification of components can be facilitated if the IR spectra are obtained after separation. 

Before going into detail about the role of surfactants in making as well as working with paints, inks, and polishes, it would be worthwhile to briefly discuss the compositions of paints, inks, and polishes. This will help in understanding the role played by surfactants, at each stage, from making... 

One of the most important categories of products used for surface modification includes products like paints, inks, and polishes. Eventhough they form a small fraction of the composition of paints, inks, and polishes, surfactants are the most essential component of these products. 

Synthetic iris patterns have been used by ocularists in manufacturing glass eyes and contact lenses for a while. The ocularist s approach to iris synthesis is based on the composition of painted primitives and utilizes layered semitransparent textures built from topological and optic models [32]. These methods are used today to create contact lenses with fake iris patterns printed onto them. 

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